1. Ukuqonda Ukuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo iyisisekelo sezinqumo zokutshala izimali zesikhathi eside. Kuyindlela yokuhlola isibambiso ngokuzama ukukala inani laso elingaphakathi, ukuhlola izici ezihlobene nezomnotho, ezezimali nezinye zekhwalithi nenani. Traders abasebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo bavame ukusebenzisa izitatimende zezimali njengomthombo wabo oyinhloko wedatha. Babheka izinto ezifana nemali engenayo, imali engenayo, amamajini enzuzo, kanye nembuyiselo ekulinganeni phakathi kwezinye izici.
Umongo wale ndlela inkolelo yokuthi inani langempela lenkampani lingase lingaboniswa enanini layo lamanje. TradeNgokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo bakholelwa ukuthi imakethe ingase ilahlekelwe isibambiso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani langempela lizobonwa. Ngakho-ke, abatshalizimali bangathola inzuzo ngokuthenga lezi zibambiso ezingabizi kahle futhi balinde imakethe ukuthi ibone iphutha layo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo nakho kuhilela yokufunda mayelana nabaphathi benkampani, isikhangiso sayo sokuncintisanavantages, izimbangi zayo, kanye nezimakethe esebenza kuzo. Lolu hlobo lolwazi olujulile lubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi oluhle.
Amashidi ebhalansi, izitatimende zemali engenayo, nezitatimende zokugeleza kwemali ayimibhalo esemqoka esetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Le mibhalo ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yempilo yenkampani yezezimali futhi ingasiza traders ukuhlonza amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali okungenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo akukhona nje ukugoqa izinombolo. Kuphinde kubandakanye ukuhlolwa okuzimele kokuthi inkampani iphathwa kanjani, ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo wayo, nezinye izici ezingenakubalwa kancane.
Ekugcineni, umgomo wokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo uwukukhiqiza inani lenani umtshali-zimali angakwazi ukuliqhathanisa nenani lamanje lesibambiso, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesikhundla okufanele usithathe ngalokho kuvikeleka (okunenani eliphansi = thenga, kuthengwa ngokweqile = thengisa noma kufushane) .
Khumbula, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuyindlela eyodwa yokuhlaziya Amasheya. Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuningi. Indlela ngayinye inamandla nobuthakathaka bayo futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nezinye ukwenza izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi.
Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuyithuluzi elinamandla ku-a trader's arsenal, kodwa njenganoma yiliphi ithuluzi, lihle kuphela njengomuntu olisebenzisayo. Kudinga inani elibalulekile locwaningo nokuqonda izimakethe zezimali. Nokho, imivuzo ingaba mikhulu kulabo abakwaziyo.
Noma ngabe umunyiwe trader noma uqala nje, ukuqonda ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kubalulekile empumelelweni yakho emhlabeni wokuhweba. Akuwona umqondo olula ukuwuqonda, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nomzamo, ungaba nekhono futhi wenze izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi.
1.1. Incazelo Yokuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Ukuhlaziya Esiyinhloko indlela ebanzi yokuqonda inani langaphakathi lesibambiso, kungaba isitoko, ibhondi, noma lezimpahla. Le ndlela isekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi inani langempela lesibambiso, eliyisisekelo lingase lingabonisi intengo yalo yemakethe yamanje. Ngokumba ujule kudatha yezezimali, okuhlanganisa nezitatimende zemali engenayo, amashidi ebhalansi, nemibiko yokugeleza kwemali, umhlaziyi oyinhloko uzama ukuthola inani langempela lenkampani.
Akukhona nje ngezinombolo, nokho. Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuphinde kuhlanganise nokubheka kabanzi izici ezingase zibe nomthelela omkhulu kunani lokuvikeleka. Lokhu kungabandakanya yonke into kusukela kusimo somnotho sisonke, izitayela zemboni, ukuya ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwabaphathi benkampani.
Ukuhlaziya Esiyinhloko isu lokutshala izimali zesikhathi eside. Ayifuni ukwenza imali ngokushintshashintsha kwezimakethe esikhathini esifushane, kodwa kunalokho ukuhlonza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzothakazelelwa isikhathi eside. Kumayelana nokuthenga izabelo ngekusasa lenkampani, hhayi nje okwamanje.
Ezweni lokuhweba, kuphi ukungazami iwukuphela kokuhlaziya okungaguquki, okuyisisekelo kusebenza njengesiqondiso sekhampasi traders ekutshalweni kwezimali okuphusile, kwesikhathi eside. Akusona isiqinisekiso sempumelelo, kodwa ithuluzi lokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi nokuphatha ingozi emakethe engalindelekile.
Khumbula, inhloso yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo akukhona ukulandela imakethe, kodwa ukuyiqonda. Futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, kunikeza amandla traders ukwenza izinqumo ezingasekelwe ekuqageleni, kodwa ngokucwaninga ngenkuthalo nasekucabangeni okunengqondo.
1.2. Ukubaluleka Kokuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo Ekuhwebeni
Emkhakheni wokuhweba, ukuqonda okujulile kwe ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kufana nokuba nesikhali esiyimfihlo. Kuyindlela ehlolisisa umongo wenkampani, icubungula impilo yayo yezezimali, ukuma kokuncintisana, kanye nezimo zemakethe zizonke. Le nqubo, nakuba iyinkimbinkimbi, ibalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi.
Impilo yezezimali iwumgogodla wanoma iyiphi inkampani, futhi ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuhilela ukuhlola ngokucophelela izitatimende zezimali zenkampani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaphepha ebhalansi, izitatimende zemali engenayo, nezitatimende zokugeleza kwemali. Ngokwenza kanjalo, traders ingakala inzuzo yenkampani, amazinga esikweletu, nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukuma ngokuncintisana esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Kubandakanya ukuqonda ukuma kwenkampani embonini yayo, isabelo sayo semakethe, kanye nesikhangiso sayo esiqhudelanayovantages noma disadvantages. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekubikezeleni amandla enkampani okukhula kanye nokwenza inzuzo esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo nakho kubheka okubanzi izimo zemakethe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinkomba zezomnotho, amathrendi embonini, nemicimbi ye-geopolitical engaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwenkampani. Ngokufaka lolu lwazi esu labo lokuhweba, traders angalindela kangcono ukunyakaza kwemakethe futhi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Empeleni, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuyindlela ebanzi eyenza traders ukuqonda hhayi nje inani lamanje lenkampani, kodwa inani layo lekusasa elingase libe khona. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lamasu okutshala imali esikhathi eside, kodwa futhi liwusizo ezinqumweni zokuhweba zesikhashana. Ngokuqonda okuqinile kokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, traders angakwazi ukuzulazula kangcono emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wokuhweba, enze izinqumo ezingagcini nje ngokwaziswa, kodwa ezinamasu.
1.3. Umehluko Phakathi Kokuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ngambili kokubili ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo futhi analysis technical zingamathuluzi abalulekile kunqolobane yawo wonke aphumelele trader, basondela emakethe ngemibono ehluke kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kugxile enanini langaphakathi lesibambiso, kucatshangelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezici zezomnotho nezezimali njengezinzuzo zenkampani, izimo zemboni, nezinkomba zezomnotho omkhulu. Kuyisu lesikhathi eside elihlose ukuhlonza izibambiso ezingabalulekile noma ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile lithandwa abatshalizimali abafuna ukukhula kwesikhathi eside noma inani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kumayelana nokufunda izitayela zezibalo eziqoqwe emisebenzini yokuhweba, njengokunyakaza kwentengo nevolumu. Isebenza ngenkolelo yokuthi umsebenzi wokuhweba womlando kanye noshintsho lwentengo kungaba inkomba enamandla yokuziphatha kwemakethe yesikhathi esizayo. Abahlaziyi bobuchwepheshe basebenzisa amashadi nezinkomba ukuze bakhombe amaphethini angaphakamisa umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo, okulenze libe isu lokuya esikhathini esifushane. traders kanye nosuku traders.
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalokhu kuhlaziya okubili usesikhathini nedatha abayicabangelayo. Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo indlela yokwenza edinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezempilo yezezimali, isikhangiso sokuncintisanavantage, kanye nezimo zemakethe, ngenkathi analysis technical kumayelana nokubona amaphethini nokusebenzisa amathrendi ezibalo ukubikezela ukunyakaza okuzayo. Bobabili banamandla nobuthakathaka babo, futhi baphumelele kakhulu traders sebenzisa inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ukwenza izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi oluhle.
2. Izingxenye Zokuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Ukuqonda izingxenye zokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kufana nokuhlanganisa i-jigsaw puzzle. Isiqephu ngasinye sinikeza umbono ohlukile wesithombe sezimali senkampani, futhi uma sihlanganiswa, sinikeza umbono ophelele wempilo yayo yonke.
Okokuqala, kukhona izitatimende zezezimali. Lezi yizinkampani ishidi lokulinganisa, isitatimende semali engenayo, kanye nesitatimende sokugeleza kwemali. I-balance sheet iveza lokho inkampani enayo (impahla) nekweletwayo (izikweletu), isitatimende semali engenayo sibonisa ukuthi yimalini eyenzile futhi yasetshenziswa yinkampani esikhathini esithile, futhi isitatimende sokugeleza kwemali sibonisa ukuthi imali yenkampani ivela kuphi nokuthi yashonaphi.
Khona-ke, kukhona imali engenayo ngesheya ngalinye (EPS). Lena ingxenye yenzuzo yenkampani eyabelwa isabelo ngasinye esisele esitokweni esivamile. I-EPS ephakeme ivamise ukukhombisa inkampani enenzuzo enkulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyiqhathanisa nezinye izinkampani ezisembonini efanayo.
Okulandelayo, sine isilinganiso senzuzo (P / E) isilinganiso. Lesi isilinganiso sokulinganisa senani lamanje lenkampani uma liqhathaniswa ne-EPS yayo. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-P/E singasho ukuthi isitoko senkampani sinenani eliningi ngokweqile, noma-ke abatshalizimali balindele amazinga aphezulu okukhula esikhathini esizayo.
Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yi- isilinganiso senkokhelo ye-dividend. Lokhu kulinganisa iphesenti lemali engenayo yonke inkampani eyisabalalisa kubanikazi bamasheya bayo ngendlela yezabelo. Isilinganiso esiphansi senkokhelo singase sibonise ukuthi inkampani iphinda itshale imali yayo emathubeni okukhula.
Okokugcina, kukhona izinkomba zezomnotho. Lena yimibiko echaza kabanzi ngempilo yezomnotho wezwe. Zingasukela kudatha yokuqashwa kanye ukwehla kwamandla emali aqondene amanani ku-GDP kanye nokuthengiswa kwezitolo. Lezi zici ze-macroeconomic zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo, ukuhlinzeka traders nokuqonda okudingekayo ukuze enze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngokuqonda lezi zici, tradeI-rs ingakala inani langaphakathi lenkampani futhi ibikezele ukunyakaza kwamanani esikhathi esizayo.
2.1. Izinkomba Zezomnotho
Izinkomba zomnotho ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lokuhweba. Lezi yizibalo ezimele izici zezomnotho futhi ezingasiza traders zibikezela izitayela zemakethe. Zikhishwa izikhungo zikahulumeni nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuze zinikeze isithombe esifushane sempilo yezomnotho yezwe.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkomba zezomnotho: eziholayo, ezisalela emuva, kanye neziqondane. Izinkomba ezihamba phambili yilezo ezishintshayo ngaphambi kokuba umnotho uqale ukulandela iphethini ethile. Zisetshenziselwa ukubikezela izinguquko emnothweni, kodwa azilona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izibonelo zezinkomba ezihamba phambili zifaka ukusebenza kwemakethe yamasheya, izimvume zokwakha, kanye nomuzwa wabathengi.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi, izinkomba ezisalele yilezo ezishintshayo ngemuva kokuthi umnotho usuqalile ukulandela inkambiso. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphethini iyenzeka. Izibonelo zezinkomba ezisalele emuva zihlanganisa amazinga okungasebenzi kanye nenzuzo yezinkampani.
Izinkomba ezihambisanayo ushintsho ngesikhathi esifanayo nomnotho noma imakethe yamasheya. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza isimo somnotho samanje. Izibonelo zezinkomba eziqondane zifaka i-GDP, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, kanye nemali engenayo yomuntu siqu.
Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kungawushintsha umdlalo traders. Bangahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kumathrendi ezimakethe namathuba okutshala imali angaba khona. Isibonelo, uma inkomba ehamba phambili njengezimvume zokwakha ikhula, ingaphakamisa ukuthi imboni yezokwakha isizodlondlobala. Lesi kungaba isikhathi esihle traders ukutshala esitokweni esihlobene nokwakhiwa.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkomba zezomnotho akufanele zisetshenziswe zodwa. Ziyithuluzi elilodwa nje ku-a trader ibhokisi lamathuluzi. Traders kufanele futhi icabangele ezinye izinto ezinjengomuzwa wemakethe, ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, nezisekelo zenkampani lapho kuthathwa izinqumo zokuhweba.
Khumbula, isihluthulelo sokuhweba okuyimpumelelo akukona ukuncika kunkomba eyodwa noma indlela. Kunalokho, sebenzisa inhlanganisela yamathuluzi namasu ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Lokhu kuzokwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela ezweni lokuhweba eliguquguqukayo.
2.2. Izitatimende Zezimali
Ukuqonda izitatimende zezezimali kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Lezi zitatimende, ezihlanganisa amaphepha ebhalansi, izitatimende zemali engenayo, nezitatimende zokugeleza kwemali, zinikeza umbono obanzi wempilo yezezimali yenkampani. Banikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ezimpahleni zenkampani, izikweletu, imali engenayo, izindleko, nokugeleza kwemali, konke okuyizici ezibalulekile ekunqumeni inani langempela lenkampani.
Amashidi wokulinganisa chaza impahla yenkampani, izikweletu, nokulingana kwabaninimasheya. Izimpahla zimelela yonke into inkampani enayo, kuyilapho izikweletu zibonisa lokho inkampani ekukweletayo. Umehluko phakathi kwezimpahla nezikweletu ulingana nokulingana kwabanikazi bamasheya, okubonisa inani lengqikithi yenkampani.
Izitatimende zentela, eyaziwa nangokuthi izitatimende zenzuzo nokulahlekelwa, iveza imali engenayo, izindleko, nenzuzo yenkampani esikhathini esithile. Iqala ngesamba semali engenayo yenkampani, isusa izindleko zezimpahla ezithengisiwe (COGS) ukuze zifike enzuzweni yonke. Khona-ke, idonsa izindleko zokusebenza, izintela, nenzalo ukuze inqume inani lemali engenayo. Imali engenayo iyinkomba eyinhloko yenzuzo yenkampani.
Izitatimende zokuhamba kwemali bonisa indlela inkampani eyenza futhi isebenzise ngayo ukheshi ngesikhathi esithile. Ihlukanisa ukuhamba kwemali ngezigaba ezintathu: ukusebenza, ukutshala izimali, kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali. Ukugeleza kwemali okuhle okuvela emisebenzini kubonisa ukuthi inkampani yenza imali eyanele emisebenzini yayo eyinhloko yebhizinisi.
Ngokuhlolisisa lezi zitatimende zezimali, traders ingahlola ukuzinza kwezimali kwenkampani, amandla okukhula, kanye nenzuzo. Lokhu, kungase kubasize benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya enkampani. Khumbula, ukuqonda okuqinile kwezitatimende zezimali kuwumgogodla wokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo okuyimpumelelo.
2.3. Ukuphathwa Kwenkampani kanye Nesikhundla Sokuncintisana
Emkhakheni wokuhweba, ukuqonda abaphathi benkampani kanye nesimo sayo sokuncintisana kubaluleke kakhulu. Lolu lwazi lungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zakho zokutshala imali kanye nesu lonke lokuhweba. Abaphathi benkampani empeleni bawubuchopho benhlangano. Inesibopho sokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile eziqondisa ukukhula kwenkampani kanye nokwenza inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuze traders ukuhlolisisa i umlando wabaphathi, ulwazi lwabo, namakhono abo okwenza izinqumo.
Ithimba labaphathi elinolwazi olunerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lokwenza izinqumo eziphusile zezezimali lingaba inkomba enamandla yempumelelo engaba khona yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithimba labaphathi elinomlando wokuthatha izinqumo ezingalungile lingaba ifulegi elibomvu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa imibiko yonyaka yenkampani, ukukhishwa kwabezindaba, nolunye ulwazi olusesidlangalaleni ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwabaphathi.
Inkampani isikhundla sokuncintisana emakethe esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Isho ukuma kwenkampani okuhlobene nezimbangi zayo. Inkampani enesikhundla esiqinile sokuncintisana ivamise ukuba nesiphakamiso sokuthengisa esiyingqayizivele (USP), isisekelo samakhasimende athembekile, uchungechunge oluqinile lokuhlinzeka, noma ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme obuyinikeza umkhawulo phezu kwezimbangi zayo.
Ngokuhlaziya isikhundla senkampani sokuncintisana, traders angathola imininingwane mayelana namandla enkampani empumelelo yesikhathi eside. Isikhundla esiqinile sokuncintisana singabonisa ikhono lenkampani lokukhiqiza inzuzo engashintshi, kuyilapho isikhundla esibuthakathaka sokuncintisana singase siphakamise okuphambene. Ngakho-ke, traders kufanele inake kakhulu isabelo semakethe yenkampani, amasu ayo okuncintisana, kanye nesimo jikelele sokuncintisana semboni.
Empeleni, ukuqonda ukuphathwa kwenkampani nesimo sokuncintisana kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Ihlinzeka traders nemininingwane ebalulekile engabasiza ukuthi benze izinqumo zokutshala imali benolwazi. Ngakho-ke, ungasishayi indiva lesi sici sokuhlaziya kwakho okuyisisekelo. Ngena ujule ekuphathweni kwenkampani kanye nesimo sokuncintisana ukuze uvule amathuba okuhweba angaba khona.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Okungokoqobo Kokuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo iyithuluzi elibalulekile kunoma iyiphi tradengibheke ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le ndlela yokuhlaziya icubungula ngokujulile impilo yezezimali yenkampani, icwaninga yonke into kusukela kumibiko yemali etholwayo kuye endaweni yemakethe, ukuze kuhlolwe inani layo elingaphakathi. Ngokungafani nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, okugxile emaphethini entengo namathrendi, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kudinga ukuqonda izici ezishayela lawo mathrendi.
Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwalokhu kuhlaziya kuqala ngokuqonda kwenkampani izitatimende zezezimali. Lokhu kufaka ishidi lebhalansi, isitatimende semali engenayo, kanye nesitatimende sokugeleza kwemali. Banikeza ingcebo yolwazi mayelana nempahla yenkampani, izikweletu, imali engenayo, nokugeleza kwemali. Ngokuhlola lezi zici, ungakwazi ukukala impilo yezezimali yenkampani kanye namandla ayo okukhula esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesilinganiso esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa amamethrikhi ezezimali ahlukene ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwenkampani. Ezinye izilinganiso ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka i-Price/Earnings (P/E), Return on Equity (ROE), kanye neDebt/Equity (D/E). Lezi zilinganiso zinganikeza imininingwane ngenzuzo yenkampani, ukusebenza kahle, nokuzinza kwezezimali.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezimboni kungenye into ebalulekile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukufunda imboni inkampani esebenza kuyo, okuhlanganisa nezimbangi zayo, izitayela zemakethe, kanye nesimo somnotho sisonke. Ngokuqonda lezi zici, ungabikezela kangcono ukuthi izinguquko embonini zingaba nomthelela kanjani ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
Izinkomba zomnotho nazo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kungafaka idatha emayelana nokwehla kwamandla emali, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukukhula kwe-GDP, nokunye. Lezi zinkomba zingahlinzeka ngemininingwane kuyo yonke impilo yomnotho, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
Empeleni, ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kuhilela ukuhlola okuphelele kwezezimali zenkampani, imboni yayo, nomnotho obanzi. Ngokuqonda lezi zindawo, traders angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu futhi athuthukise imiphumela yawo yokuhweba.
3.1. Izinyathelo Zokwenza Ukuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Isinyathelo sokuqala: Ukuhlaziya Umnotho yilapho uqala khona uhambo lwakho lokungena emhlabeni Wokuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo. Lapha, uhlola isimo somnotho sisonke, ubheka izinkomba ezifana ne-GDP, amazinga okungasebenzi, kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Lezi zici ze-macroeconomic zingaba nomthelela omkhulu esimweni sokuhweba, futhi ukuziqonda kungakunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sezinqumo zakho zokutshala izimali.
Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemboni ikuthatha ujule emininingwaneni ethile. Kulesi sinyathelo, ugxila embonini yempahla oyicabangelayo trade. Ngokufunda amathrendi embonini, usayizi wemakethe, izinga lokukhula, nokuncintisana, ungakala inzuzo engaba khona yomkhakha owukhethile.
Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Ukuhlaziywa Kwenkampani isinyathelo sokugcina nesinemininingwane eminingi. Lapha, uhlolisisa impilo yezezimali yenkampani, uhlolisisa izitatimende zezimali, imibiko yezinzuzo, kanye nezibikezelo zemali engenayo. Uzophinda uhlole ithimba labaphathi benkampani, amasu abo, kanye nerekhodi labo lethrekhi yokusebenza.
Ungakhohlwa: Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba Ukuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile, akusona isibikezelo esiqinisekisiwe sokusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo. Kuyithuluzi lokukusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi, kodwa kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela nezinye amasu ukuhweba ukwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela.
3.2. Amathuluzi Okuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kuyisisekelo sokuhweba okuyimpumelelo, futhi ukuze ukwazi kahle, uzodinga amathuluzi afanele. Elinye lamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlaziya okuyisisekelo yi- isitatimende semali. Lona umbhalo obalulekile ohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebanzi yempilo yezezimali yenkampani. Kuhlanganisa isitatimende semali engenayo, ibhalansi, nesitatimende sokugeleza kwemali, esinikeza imininingwane ngenzuzo yenkampani, ukuzinza kwezezimali, kanye izimali ngokulandelana.
Izinkomba zomnotho ingelinye ithuluzi elibalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi idatha efana ne-GDP, izilinganiso zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, namazinga okwehla kwamandla emali, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthambekeni kwezimakethe nokusebenza kwezinkampani ngazinye. Lezi zinkomba zingasiza traders babikezela ukunyakaza kwezimakethe futhi benze izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi.
Amathuluzi okuhlola isitoko nazo zibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Bayasiza traders uhlunga izitoko ngokusekelwe kumibandela ethile efana nokwenza imali ezimakethe, isilinganiso se-P/E, isivuno sembuyiselo, nokunye. Lokhu kuvumela traders ukuhlonza amathuba okutshala izimali angaba khona ahambisana namasu abo okuhweba.
Izindaba zenkampani nemicimbi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu entengo yesitoko yenkampani. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva mayelana nenkampani, njengemibiko yemali etholwayo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo, kanye nezinguquko zokuphatha, kubalulekile.
Okokugcina, isofthiwe yokuhlaziya nezinkundla ingenza lula kakhulu inqubo yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Banikeza ukufinyelela okulula kwengcebo yedatha, amathuluzi okuhlaziya ayinkimbinkimbi, namandla okushadi athuthukile. Lokhu kuvumela traders ukuhlaziya idatha ngokuphumelelayo futhi wenze izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinolwazi.
Khumbula, ukuqonda ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo akuyona inqubo yasebusuku nje. Kudinga isineke, ukuphrakthiza, nokufunda okuqhubekayo. Kodwa ngamathuluzi afanele nokuzinikela, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho kokuhweba.
3.3. Imikhawulo Yokuhlaziya Okuyisisekelo
Ngenkathi ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo ibonakale iyithuluzi elisebenzayo ku trader's arsenal, ayikho ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yayo. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ukuthi kudinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukuqoqa, ukuhumusha, nokuhlaziya lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Lokhu kungaba umsebenzi onzima, ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo abahweba okungenzeka ukuthi abakabi namakhono adingekayo noma isisekelo solwazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo isekelwe kakhulu olwazini olusesidlangalaleni, okusho ukuthi alunaki noma yiluphi ulwazi olungadalulwanga noma lwangaphakathi. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuhlaziyeni okunganembile noma okungaphelele, okungase kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinqumo zakho zokuhweba.
Omunye umkhawulo yiqiniso lokuthi ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo ikakhulukazi i-subjective. Abahlaziyi abahlukene bangase bahumushe idatha efanayo ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuholela eziphethweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukusungula isu elicacile nelihambisanayo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasanda kuhweba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo isebenza ngokucabangela ukuthi imakethe izobonisa inani langaphakathi lesitoko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nokho, lokhu kungase kungabi njalo, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo noma ezingenangqondo.
Ekugcineni, kufanelekile ukuphawula lokho ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo ijwayele ukugxila kumasu okutshala imali esikhathi eside. Nakuba lokhu kungaba yinzuzo kulabo abafuna ukwakha iphothifoliyo esimeme, kungase kungabi wusizo kangako kuyo traders abanentshisekelo kakhulu enzuzweni yesikhashana.
4. Ukuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezimakethe
Ukuqonda ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo ibalulekile kunoma yikuphi trader, kungakhathaliseki imakethe abasebenza kuyo. Kubandakanya ukuhlola inani langaphakathi lempahla ngokuhlola izici ezihlobene nezomnotho, ezezimali, nezinye zekhwalithi nenani.
Forex traders ngokuvamile sebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo ukuhlola amandla ohlobo lwemali. Bahlola izinkomba ze-macroeconomic ezifana namazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, ukwehla kwamandla emali, inzalo, ngisho nokuzinza kwezombusazwe. Isibonelo, izwe elinomnotho oqinile nokuzinza kwezombusazwe kungenzeka libe nemali eqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntengantenga komnotho noma izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe kungenza imali ibe buthaka.
stock traders, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingena ijule ezitatimendeni zezezimali zenkampani, ihlaziya izici ezifana neholo, imali engenayo, ukuhamba kwemali, kanye nesikweletu. Baphinde bacabangele amathrendi embonini kanye nezimo zemakethe. Isibonelo, inkampani enokukhula okuqinile kweholo kanye nenani eliphansi lesikweletu-kuya-equity ingaba utshalomali oluhle, ikakhulukazi uma isebenza embonini ekhulayo.
lezimpahla traders kufanele icabangele isethi ehlukile yezinto. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amandla okunikezwayo kanye nesidingo, amaphethini wesimo sezulu, kanye nemicimbi ye-geopolitical. Isibonelo, isomiso esibi singehlisa isivuno, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwamanani ezimpahla zezolimo. Ngokufanayo, izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe ezweni elikhulu elikhiqiza uwoyela zingaphazamisa ukutholakala kwezinto, kubangele ukuba amanani kawoyela enyuke.
Cryptocurrency traders futhi basebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, kodwa izici abazicabangelayo zihlukile esikhaleni sempahla yedijithali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe obusemuva kwe-cryptocurrency, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, iqembu elingemuva kwayo, kanye nentuthuko yokulawula. Isibonelo, i-cryptocurrency enecala lokusetshenziswa eliqinile, ithimba elinekhono, kanye nentuthuko yokulawula evumayo ingaba utshalomali oluhle.
Khumbula, nakuba ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile, akusona isiqinisekiso sempumelelo. Kuyithuluzi elilodwa nje ku-a trader ibhokisi lamathuluzi. Ukuyihlanganisa nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi okuzwakalayo kungakhuphula amathuba akho okuphumelela emakethe.
4.1. Imakethe Yamasheya
The I-Stock Market iyiwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yamathuba nezinselele, ukugibela okujabulisayo kulabo abanesibindi sokuqonda amandla ayo. Yinkundla lapho izinkampani zithengisa amasheya ebhizinisi labo ukuze zikhulise imali, futhi traders ukuthenga lawa masheya ngethemba lokuthola inzuzo. Imakethe yamasheya iyibhizinisi elishintshashintshayo, elinamanani ashintshashintshayo ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi.
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo indlela esetshenziswa ngu traders ukucacisa inani langaphakathi lesitoko. Kubandakanya ukuhlola izimali zenkampani, isikhundla sembonini, nezimo zemakethe ukuze kubikezelwe umnyakazo wamanani wesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kuhlaziya kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo for tradebafuna ukuthenga amasheya angenanani eliphansi noma ukuthengisa amasheya aphezulu kakhulu.
Izitatimende zezezimali ziyisinkwa nebhotela lokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Banikeza isifinyezo sempilo yezezimali yenkampani, okuhlanganisa izimpahla zayo, izikweletu, imali engenayo, nezindleko. Trader icubungula le mibhalo ukuze kuhlolwe inzuzo yenkampani, ukuthengwa kwezimali, kanye ne-solvency.
Isikhundla semboni futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Isikhundla senkampani embonini yayo singakhombisa isikhangiso sayo esiqhudelanayovantage kanye namathuba okukhula. Traders ivamise ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwenkampani nezimbangi zayo ukuze kukale amandla ayo emakethe.
Izimo zemakethe kungesinye isici esibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo. Ihlanganisa isimo somnotho sisonke, okuhlanganisa izitayela zokuqashwa, ukwehla kwamandla emali, namazinga enzalo. Umnotho oqinile uvame ukuletha okuhle ezinkampanini eziningi, kanti umnotho obuthakathaka ungadala izinkinga.
Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo akuyona indlela engenangqondo, kodwa kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile traders. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuqonda okujulile kwemakethe yamasheya kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi. Kodwa ngokubekezela nangenkuthalo, kungaba ithuluzi elinamandla ku trader's arsenal.
4.2. Forex Market
The Forex emakethe, eyaziwa nangokuthi imakethe yokushintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle, iyindawo eguquguqukayo, yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke lapho kuthengwa futhi kudayiswe khona izimali. Iyimakethe ye-liquid enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enesilinganiso sohwebo sansuku zonke esidlula u-$5 trillion. I Forex Imakethe isebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto, okwenza kufinyeleleke kuyo traders ezindaweni ezahlukene zesikhathi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani Forex imisebenzi yemakethe kubalulekile ngoba traders abasebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya lubandakanya ukuhlola izinkomba zomnotho wezwe, njengamazinga okwehla kwamandla emali, ukukhula kwe-GDP, nedatha yokuqashwa, ukuze kubikezelwe umnyakazo wemali. Uma umnotho wezwe uqinile, imali yawo ngokuvamile iyaqina uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali. Ngokuphambene, lapho umnotho untenga, imali yawo ngokuvamile iba buthaka.
Ukuhweba ku Forex emakethe kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezinkomba zezomnotho nokuthi ziwathinta kanjani amanani ohlobo lwemali. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo yezwe kungaheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwenani lemali yalelo zwe. Ngokuphambene, ukwehla kwezinga lenzalo kungaholela ekwehleni kohlobo lwemali.
Izimo zezombangazwe kungaba nomthelela futhi Forex imakethe. Izinguquko kuhulumeni, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe, nezehlakalo zezwe kungaholela ekuguquguqukeni kwamanani emali. Tradeabasebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo badinga ukuhlala benolwazi mayelana nezehlakalo zomhlaba wonke futhi baqonde ukuthi lokhu kungaba nomthelela kanjani Forex emakethe.
Amasu okuhweba ku Forex imakethe ivame ukubandakanya inhlanganisela yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo nokwezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kugxile ezinkomba zezomnotho nezehlakalo zomhlaba wonke, ukuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe kuhilela ukutadisha amashadi amanani nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zezibalo ukubikezela umnyakazo wamanani wesikhathi esizayo. Ngokusebenzisa zombili izinhlobo zokuhlaziya, traders bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bandise amathuba abo okuphumelela ku Forex emakethe.
4.3. Imakethe Yezimpahla
The imakethe yezimpahla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, enikeza ingcebo yamathuba traders. Le makethe inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, kusukela kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njenge igolide futhi silver emikhiqizweni yezolimo efana nommbila kanye ukolweni. Impahla ngayinye inesethi yayo yezinto ezithinta intengo yayo, okuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu traders ukuqonda lezi zinguquko.
Isidingo nokunikezwa yizona ezihamba phambili emakethe yezimpahla. Isibonelo, uma isomiso sithinta isivuno sommbila, ukutholakala kommbila kuyehla kuyilapho isidingo sihlala sinjalo. Lesi simo ngokuvamile siholela ekwenyukeni kwezintengo zommbila. Ngokufanayo, uma ubuchwepheshe obusha bukhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwegolide lezimayini, ukunikezwa kwegolide kuyanda, okungase kubangele ukwehla kwentengo yalo uma isidingo sihlala sinjalo.
Amaphethini esizini futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yezimpahla. Imikhiqizo yezolimo eminingi, ngokwesibonelo, inezikhathi zokukhula ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwazo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amanani azo. Traders abaqondayo la maphethini bangalindela izinguquko zentengo futhi benze izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi.
Imicimbi yezepolitiki ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ku amanani entengo. Izimpi, trade izingxabano, kanye nezinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zingashintsha ukuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kwempahla. Ngokwesibonelo, a trade ukuvinjelwa kwezwe elingumkhiqizi omkhulu kawoyela kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwentengo kawoyela.
Izinkomba ze-Macroeconomic njengamazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, ukwehla kwamandla emali, nezinga lenzalo kungaba nomthelela ezintengo zempahla futhi. Isibonelo, ngezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu, abatshalizimali bavame ukuphendukela ezimpahleni ezifana negolide njengesitolo senani, benyusa amanani abo.
Emakethe yezimpahla, traders angasebenzisa izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ukuqagela ngomnyakazo wentengo noma uthango ngokumelene nezinguquko zentengo ezingaba khona. Lezi zinkontileka ziyakuvumela traders ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile lempahla ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili ngedethi ezayo. Ngokuqonda izici ezibalulekile ezithonya amanani ezimpahla, traders angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu lapho uhweba izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo.
Imakethe yezimpahla iyinkundla eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eguquguqukayo. Kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezinto eziningi, kusukela ezindleleni zesimo sezulu kuya ezehlakalweni zezwe. Kodwa kulabo abazimisele ukubeka isikhathi nomzamo ukuze baqonde lezi zinguquko, imakethe yezimpahla inikeza ingcebo yamathuba okwenza inzuzo futhi ukuhlukahluka.
