1. Ukuqonda Ukulawulwa Kwengozi Ekuhwebeni
Emhlabeni wokuhweba, umqondo wokulawulwa kobungozi ubaluleke kakhulu njengoba uyinkimbinkimbi. Yinetha yokuphepha engabonakali engasho umehluko phakathi kwenzuzo ekhuphukayo nokulahlekelwa okuyinhlekelele. Emqondweni wayo, ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele imayelana nokuqonda ukwehla okungaba khona kwe-a trade kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzinciphisa.
Okokuqala, isu lokulawula ubungozi elizwakalayo liqala ngalo ukuhlukahluka. Lona umkhuba wokusabalalisa izimali zakho ezitshaliwe ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kunoma iyiphi eyodwa. Kuyisisho sakudala sokuthi ungabeki wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa, esihunyushwa ngokwemibandela yokuhweba.
Okwesibili, ama-oda wokuyeka ukulahleka a tradeumngane omkhulu ka-r. Lena imiyalelo esethwe neyakho broker ukuthengisa impahla uma ifinyelela inani elithile. Zenzelwe ukukhawulela ukulahlekelwa komtshalizimali endaweni yokuphepha.
Okwesithathu, usayizi wesikhundla kungenye into ebalulekile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukunquma ukuthi ingakanani iphothifoliyo yakho ongazifaka engozini kunoma iyiphi eyodwa trade. Umthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha uwukubeka engcupheni engaphezu kuka-1-2% wephothifoliyo yakho kanye trade.
Ukufunda okuqhubekayo esinye isici esibalulekile. Izimakethe zihlala zishintsha, kanjalo nolwazi lwakho kufanele. Hlala unolwazi ngamathrendi emakethe, qonda imithelela yemicimbi yezindaba, futhi uhlale ulungele ukulungisa isu lakho.
Okokugcina, khumbula ukuthi ukuphatha ubungozi akukhona ukugwema ngokuphelele ubungozi. Imayelana nokuyiqonda, ukuyilawula, nokuyiguqulela esikhangisweni sakhovantage. Phela, ngokwamazwi esazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uHerodotus, “Ongazifaki engozini, akazuzi lutho".
1.1. Incazelo Yokulawulwa Kwengozi
Risk Management, igama elibuyayo ngamahholo okuhweba nezinkundla zedijithali ngokufanayo, liyisisekelo sezwe lezezimali. Kuyinqubo ehlelekile yokuhlonza, ukuhlola, nokulawula izinsongo emalini eyinhloko yenhlangano kanye neholo. Lezi zinsongo, noma izingozi, zingasukela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukungaqiniseki kwezezimali, izikweletu ezingokomthetho, amaphutha okuphatha amacebo, izingozi, nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Risk Management akuwona nje umsebenzi ozimele, kodwa isu eliqhubekayo nelivelayo elingena kuwo wonke amazinga omsebenzi wokuhweba. Ubuciko, isayensi, kanye nesiyalo esidinga ukuqonda okuphelele kokuguquguquka kwemakethe, iso elibukhali lezinkinga ezingase zibe khona, kanye nesibindi sokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki.
Olwandle oluyaluzayo emhlabeni wokuhweba, Risk Management iyikhampasi yakho nehange lakho. Ikuqondisa ezimakethe ezinezivunguvungu, ikusiza ukuthi uzulazule ezindaweni ongakaziwa, futhi ikugcina ugxilile lapho umoya wenhlanhla uvuna wena. Akukhona ngokugwema ubungozi ngokuphelele - lokho kuyinto engenakwenzeka ekuhwebeni. Kunalokho, kumayelana nokuqonda uhlobo lwengozi, ukulindela umthelela ongaba khona, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ezibaliwe zokunciphisa imithelela yazo.
Risk Management yisandla esingabonakali esiqondisa umkhumbi wokuhweba. Ngamandla angabonakali aguqula umgembuli budedengu abe yisu trader, imakethe enesiphithiphithi emkhakheni wamathuba, kanye nokulahlekelwa okungaba yisipiliyoni sokufunda. Empeleni, kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yokuhweba esimeme.
Kusukela kokudayisa okuncane kakhulu traders kumabhange amakhulu okutshalwa kwezimali, Risk Management wulimi okwabelwana ngalo lwempumelelo kanye nokuphila ezimakethe zezimali. Yintambo eluka indwangu ye amasu ukuhweba, isisekelo okwakhelwa phezu kwaso amaphothifoliyo anenzuzo, kanye nendlela yokuphila egcinayo traders ukuntanta emanzini aneziyaluyalu emakethe.
Ubuhle buka Risk Management akukona inkimbinkimbi yayo, kodwa ubulula bayo. Akukhona ngokubikezela ikusasa, kodwa ukulilungiselela. Akukhona ngokulawula imakethe, kodwa ukulawula impendulo yakho kuyo. Kumayelana nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele, ngesikhathi esifanele, ngezizathu ezifanele. Futhi lokho, sithandwa traders, ingqikithi yokuhweba okuyimpumelelo.
1.2. Ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kobungozi Traders
Ukuhweba kuwuhambo olujabulisayo, olugcwele ukuphakama, ukwehla, kanye nenjabulo yenzuzo engaba khona. Kodwa akukhona nje ngenjabulo. Imayelana namasu, ukunemba, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele. Ezweni elisheshayo lokuhweba, ikhono lokuphatha ubungozi ngempumelelo lingaba umehluko phakathi kokuphumelela trade kanye nenhlekelele.
Ukulawulwa kobungozi akuyona nje inetha lokuphepha; kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesu lakho lokuhweba. Kumayelana ukuvikela imali yakho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi unokwanele trade ngolunye usuku. Kumayelana nokuqonda imakethe, ukwazi imikhawulo yakho, nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni okucacile kwamandla ingozi kanye nomvuzo. Kumayelana nokulinganisa isifiso senzuzo nesidingo sokukhawulela ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona.
Ukulawulwa kwengozi okuphumelelayo ihlanganisa amasu namasu ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekusetheni imiyalo yokulahlekelwa kokuyeka ukuya ekuhlukaniseni iphothifoliyo yakho. Kumayelana nokuqonda izimo zemakethe, ukuhlaziya izitayela, nokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kulolu lwazi. Imayelana nokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, hhayi ukusabela, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kumqondo, hhayi imizwa.
Ukulawulwa kobungozi akukhona nje ukugwema ubungozi; imayelana nokuyiphatha. Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi ubungozi buyingxenye yokuhweba nokuthola izindlela zokubunciphisa ube usaphishekela inzuzo. Imayelana nokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile, hhayi nje eziphephile.
Khumbula, ukulawula ubungozi akuyona into ongayikhetha; kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhweba okuyimpumelelo. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe uyisidala trader noma uqala nje, qiniseka ukuthi ukuphathwa kwengozi kusenhliziyweni yesu lakho lokuhweba. Ngoba ekuhwebeni, njengasempilweni, akukhona nje lapho uya khona; kumayelana nohambo. Futhi uhambo lushelela kakhulu uma wazi ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani ingozi.
1.3. Imibono Engalungile Evamile mayelana Nokulawulwa Kwengozi
Ukuqeda inkungu yemibono eyiphutha ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele okuzungezile kubalulekile tradebabheke ukuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo. Enye yamaphutha avamile inkolelo yokuthi ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele kufana nokugwema ubungozi. Eqinisweni, ukulawula ubungozi kumayelana nokuqonda kanye nokunciphisa izinsongo ezingaba khona, hhayi ukuziqeda ngokuphelele. Izimakethe zezimali ziyingozi ngokwemvelo, futhi ukugwema ubungozi ngokuphelele kungasho ukuphuthelwa amathuba enzuzo angaba khona.
Omunye umbono oyiphutha owandile ukuthi ukuphathwa kwengozi kungokwabatshalizimali abakhulu, bezikhungo kuphela. Lokhu bekungeke kuqhubeke eqinisweni. Ukuthi ngabe uyi-Wall Street eyisikaziwa trader noma oqalayo ukufaka izinzwane zakho emakethe, isu eliqinile lokulawula ubungozi libalulekile ukuze uvikele imali yakho enkulu futhi wandise izinzuzo zakho.
Abaningi traders futhi awela ogibeni lokukholelwa lokho isu elilodwa, elingenaphutha lokulawula ubungozi likhona. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukulawulwa kobungozi akuyona indlela yokulinganisa yonke into. Kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo okufanele ihambisane nezinjongo zokuhweba ngazinye, izimo zemakethe, nokubekezelela ubungozi.
Iphutha elivamile uku ukubukela phansi ukubaluleka kokulawula imizwelo ekulawuleni ubungozi. Imizwa ingafiphaza ukwahlulela futhi iholele ezinqumweni ezingalindelekile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina ikhanda elipholile futhi unamathele esu lakho, ngisho nasezimeni zemakethe eziguqukayo.
Ekugcineni, abanye traders ukukholwa lokho ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele kuyisiqinisekiso ngokumelene nokulahlekelwa. Nakuba isu eliqinile lokulawula ubungozi linganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okulahlekelwa okukhulu, alikuqedi ngokuphelele okungenzeka. Khumbula, ekuhwebeni, akukho mvuzo oza ngaphandle kwezinga elithile lobungozi.
2. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zokulawulwa Kwengozi Okuphumelelayo
Ukuqonda ukubekezelela kwakho ubungozi yisici sokuqala esibalulekile ekusunguleni isu elisebenzayo lokulawula ubungozi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuqotho kwesimo sakho sezezimali kanye nezinga lakho lokunethezeka ngokomzwelo nokulahlekelwa okungase kube khona. Kumayelana nokwenza ibhalansi phakathi kobungozi ozimisele ukubuthatha kanye nembuyiselo engaba khona ekutshalweni kwakho.
Isici sesibili sithi ukuhlukahluka. Leli su leminyaka yobudala libandakanya ukusabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kunoma iyiphi eyodwa. Ngokuba nengxube ye Amasheya, amabhondi, nezinye izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali, ungakwazi ukwehlisa imiphumela emibi yempahla engasebenzi kahle kuphothifoliyo yakho iyonke.
Ukuqapha nokulungiswa okuvamile yephothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali yinto yesithathu ebalulekile. Imakethe inamandla, futhi kufanele kube nesu lakho lokutshala izimali. Okuvamile Izibuyekezo izokusiza ukuthi ukhombe noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimweni zemakethe futhi ulungise iphothifoliyo yakho ngokufanele ukuze ugcine izinga lakho lobungozi kanye nembuyiselo oyifunayo.
Isici sesine sithi ukuba nohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nohlelo lwesenzo oluchazwe ngaphambilini esimweni sokwehla kwezimakethe okukhulu noma izimo eziphuthumayo zomuntu siqu zezimali. Lokhu kungasukela ekunakekeleni isikhwama sezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuba nomshuwalense owanele, noma ukubeka ama-oda okulahlekelwa kokuyeka otshalomali lwakho.
Okokugcina, imfundo nokuhlala unolwazi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kobungozi. Uma uqonda okwengeziwe ngemakethe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho, uyohlonyiswa kangcono ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje kuphela ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokutshala izimali kodwa futhi ukuhlala unolwazi ngezitayela zakamuva zemakethe nezindaba zomnotho.
Lezi zinto ezinhlanu zakha insika yesu elisebenzayo lokulawula ubungozi. Ngokuqonda ukubekezelela kwakho ubungozi, ukwahlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho, ukugada njalo nokulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho, ukuba nohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo, nokuhlala unolwazi, ungakwazi ukuzulazula emakethe ngokuzethemba futhi unciphise ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona.
2.1. Ukuhlola Ubungozi
Ukuqonda isimo sobungozi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhambo lokuhweba. Njengoba nje itilosi lalingeke lihambe ngomkhumbi lingazange lihlole isimo sezulu, a trader akufanele ungene emakethe ngaphandle kokuhlola ubungozi okuphelele. Le nqubo ihilela ukucwila ngokujulile ezingozini ezingase zicashe ngaphansi kwamasu akho okuhweba.
Ukukhomba izingozi ezingaba khona yisinyathelo sokuqala kule nqubo. Lokhu kungaba noma yini evela Ukukhishwa kwemakethe, izinguquko zezomnotho, ekuzinzeni kwesikhulumi sakho sokuhweba esikhethiwe. Kubalulekile ukuphonsa inethi ebanzi kulesi sigaba – abukho ubungozi obungaba khona buncane kakhulu ukuthi bucatshangelwe.
Okulandelayo, uzodinga hlaziya lezi zingozi. Lokhu kuhilela ukunquma amathuba okuthi ingozi ngayinye ivele, kanye nomthelela ongaba nawo ekuhwebeni kwakho. Lesi sinyathelo sizodinga ucwaningo oluthile, kodwa yisikhathi esisetshenziswe kahle. Ngokuqonda umthelela ongaba khona wengcuphe ngayinye, ungakwazi ukubeka phambili amasu akho okulawula ubungozi ngempumelelo.
Uma usuzihlonze futhi wazihlaziya ubungozi bakho, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi zihlole. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nezingozi okufanele zamukele, iziphi okufanele zigwenywe, futhi yiziphi okufanele zinciphise. Khumbula, akuzona zonke izingozi ezidalwe zilingana. Okunye kungase kudingeke ukuba kuthathwe uma umvuzo ongase ube khona uphakeme ngokwanele.
Ekugcineni, ukuqapha ubungozi bakho kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Imakethe ishintsha njalo, futhi izingozi ezintsha zingavela noma nini. Ukubuyekeza njalo ukuhlola kwakho ubungozi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwegeyimu.
Ukuhlola ubungozi akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo edinga ukukhuthala nokucabanga okujulile. Ngokuhlola njalo, ukuhlaziya, ukuhlola, nokuqapha ubungozi bakho, ungakwazi ukuzulazula olwandle oluyaluzayo lokuhweba ngokuzethemba. Khumbula, impumelelo trader akuyena ogwema ingozi, kodwa oyiqondayo.
2.2. Ukulawulwa Kwengozi
Ezweni eliguquguqukayo lokuhweba, ukulawulwa kwengozi ime njengobhaka oqondisa umkhumbi wakho wokutshala imali emanzini emakethe anezivunguvungu. Yikhampasi ekusiza ukuthi uhlole izimo ezingalindelekile zokuguquguquka kwemakethe, ivikele imali yakho ezingozini ezingaba khona ezicasha ngaphansi.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukulawula ubungozi akukhona ukuqeda ngokuphelele ubungozi. Lowo umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Kunalokho, kumayelana ukuphatha ubungozi, ukubugcina ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo ngenkathi kusavumela ithuba lamathuba okwenza inzuzo.
Ukusetha ama-stop-loss orders isu elivamile lokulawula ubungozi. Le nqubo ithengisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isibambiso uma intengo yehla ifika ezingeni elinqunywe kusengaphambili, okwenza kube lula ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi imiyalo yokulahlekelwa kokuyeka ingakhawulela ukulahlekelwa, inganciphisa inzuzo uma ingasetshenziswa ngobuhlakani.
diversification elinye isu elibalulekile lokulawula ubungozi. Ukusabalalisa utshalomali lwakho ezimpahleni ezahlukahlukene kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela wokungasebenzi kahle kokuvikeleka kuphothifoliyo yakho iyonke. Kodwa khumbula, ukuhlukahluka akukhona nje ukuba nempahla ehlukene; imayelana nokuba nempahla engahambi ndawonye.
Usayizi wesikhundla ingesinye isici esibalulekile sokulawula ubungozi. Kubandakanya ukunquma inani lemali yokutshala imali ethile trade, ngokusekelwe engcupheni ehambisana nalokho trade. Ngokunciphisa inani elitshalwe ku-riskier trades, usayizi wendawo ungasiza ukuvikela iphothifoliyo yakho ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Ukulawula ubungozi akulona isu elilingana nosayizi owodwa. Kudinga ukuqapha njalo nokulungiswa okusekelwe ezimeni zemakethe, imigomo yokutshala izimali, kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi bomuntu ngamunye. Kodwa ngokuhlela okucophelelayo kanye nokwenza ngendlela efanele, ukulawula ubungozi kungathuthukisa kakhulu impumelelo yakho yokuhweba.
2.3. Ukuqapha Ubungozi kanye Nokulungiswa
Emhlabeni wokuhweba oguquguqukayo, ukuqapha njalo akuwona nje ubuhle, kodwa isidingo. Yonke isizini tradeuyazi ukuthi imakethe ayinakubikezelwa njengoba inenzuzo. Lokhu kwenza ukuqapha ubungozi kube yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi isu lokuhweba eliyimpumelelo.
Ukuqapha ubungozi kuyinqubo yokubuyekeza njalo nokuhlola iphothifoliyo yakho yokuhweba ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinga lakho lobungozi lihambisana nemigomo yakho yezezimali kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi. Kudinga ukubhekisisa ukuthrenda kwemakethe, izinkomba zezomnotho, nezehlakalo zezombusazwe ezingaba nomthelela ekutshaleni kwakho.
Kodwa ukuqapha kukodwa akwanele. Kubaluleke ngokufanayo uku lungisa amasu akho ngokusekelwe emininingwaneni ezuzwe emisebenzini yakho yokuqapha ubungozi. Lokhu kungasho ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho, ukubuyisela utshalomali lwakho, noma ngisho nokuphuma ezikhundleni ezithile ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka.
Ukhiye ukuthi ube iyasebenza, ayisebenzi. Ungalindi ukwehla kwemakethe ukuze uqale ukucabanga ngokulawulwa kobungozi. Kunalokho, yenza ukuqapha ubungozi kanye nokulungisa kube yingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yakho yokuhweba. Ngale ndlela, awukwazi ukuvikela kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kodwa futhi ubambe namathuba amasha oza kuwe.
Nawa amasu ambalwa angakusiza ukuthi uqalise:
- Misa imikhawulo yengcuphe ecacile: Nquma ukuthi ingakanani ingozi ozimisele ukuyithatha futhi unamathele kuyo. Lokhu kungaba iphesenti lephothifoliyo yakho ephelele noma inani elithile ledola.
- Sebenzisa ama-oda wokulahleka kokuyeka: Lokhu kuklanyelwe ukukhawulela ukulahlekelwa komtshalizimali esikhundleni sesibambiso. Kuyithuluzi elihle lokuvikela inzuzo yakho futhi ukhawulele ukulahlekelwa kwakho.
- Hlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho: Sabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kuzo zonke izigaba zempahla ukuze unciphise umthelela wanoma iyiphi i-investimenti eyodwa engasebenzi kahle.
- Hlala unolwazi: Qhubeka nezindaba zemakethe nezinkomba zezomnotho. Uma wazi okwengeziwe, ungalindela kangcono futhi usabele ezinguqukweni zemakethe.
Khumbula, ukuphathwa kwengozi akukhona ukugwema ubungozi, kodwa ukuwaphatha ngendlela ehambisana nemigomo yakho yezezimali kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi. Ngakho-ke, gcina ukuqapha, qhubeka ulungisa, futhi uqhubeke nokuhweba!
3. Amasu okulawula ubungozi Traders
Ukuqonda ukuphathwa kobungozi kuyisici esibalulekile traders. Akukhona nje ukwenza inzuzo trades, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuzivikela ekulahlekeni okungenzeka. Ngamasu alungile, unganciphisa ubungozi futhi wandise inzuzo yakho.
Okokuqala, ukuhlukahluka iyisu elizanyiwe lavivinywa. Ungabeki wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa. Sabalalisa utshalomali lwakho kuzo zonke izigaba zempahla nemikhakha ehlukene. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ulinganisele iphothifoliyo yakho futhi unciphise ingcuphe yokuthi utshalomali olulodwa lonakalise iphothifoliyo yakho.
Okwesibili, setha i-stop-loss order. Leli izinga elinqunywe kusengaphambili lapho uzothengisa khona utshalomali lwakho ukuze ukhawulele ukulahlekelwa kwakho. Kuyinethi yokuphepha engakuvimbela ekulahlekelweni okungaphezu kwalokho ongakwazi ukukukhokhela.
Okwesithathu, ukulinganisa indawo elinye isu elisebenzayo. Kubandakanya ukulungisa inani lemali oyitshalayo kokukodwa trade ngokusekelwe engozini ehambisana nalokho trade. Ngokutshala imali encane engozini enkulu trades nokunye kwezingcuphe kancane, ungalawula ubungozi bakho ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Okokugcina, ukufunda okuqhubekayo kuyimfuneko. Imakethe inamandla futhi ishintsha njalo. Ngokuzigcina unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva, izindaba, namasu, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ulawule ubungozi bakho kangcono. Khumbula, ukuphatha ubungozi akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi nesofthiwe ingasiza ngokuqhubekayo ekulawuleni ubungozi. Baningi izinkundla zokuhweba kanye nesofthiwe ezihlinzeka ngezibalo ezithuthukile, idatha yesikhathi sangempela, nezinye izici ezingasiza ekulawuleni ubungozi.
Ukuphathwa kweengozi akukhona ukugwema izingozi kodwa kumayelana nokuziqonda nokuzilawula. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela, ungakwazi trade ngokuzethemba futhi uzuze ngokugcwele ekutshaleni kwakho.
3.1. Usayizi Wesikhundla
Usayizi wesikhundla liyisisekelo sokulawulwa kobungozi okuqinile, isu elingenza noma liphule umsebenzi wakho wokuhweba. Kuyinqubo yokunquma ukuthi ingakanani imali ongayifaka engozini kunoma iyiphi eyodwa trade. Ukulinganisa indawo akuwona umqondo olingana nosayizi owodwa; kuyisu eliguquguqukayo okufanele lenzelwe ukubekezelela ubungozi komuntu ngamunye, isitayela sokuhweba, kanye nemininingwane ye trade uqobo.
Ukhiye wokulinganisa isikhundla esisebenzayo ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwengozi nomvuzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubala inzuzo engaba khona kanye nokulahlekelwa ngakunye trade nokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokuthi bungakanani ubungozi ozimisele ukubuthatha. Khumbula, umgomo akukhona ukunqoba zonke trade, kodwa ukuphatha ubungozi bakho ngempumelelo ukuze ukuwina kwakho trades zidlula ezilahlekile zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze ubale usayizi wendawo yakho, uzodinga ukwazi usayizi we-akhawunti yakho, iphesenti le-akhawunti yakho ozimisele ukuyifaka engozini, nosayizi wokulahlekelwa kokuma kwakho. Nali ifomula elula: Usayizi Wesikhundla = (Usayizi We-akhawunti x Iphesenti Lengozi) / Misa Ukulahlekelwa. Isibonelo, uma une-akhawunti engu-$10,000 futhi uzimisele ukubeka u-2% engozini trade ngokulahlekelwa kokuyeka kwamapayipi angu-50, usayizi wesikhundla sakho uzoba ngu-$200/50 = 4 inkatho.
Usayizi wesikhundla imayelana nokulawula imizwa yakho. Traders ngokuvamile bawela ogibeni lokuhweba ngokweqile noma ukuthatha ingozi enkulu ngemva kochungechunge lokulahlekelwa, emzamweni "wokubuyisela" imali elahlekile. Leli isu eliyingozi elingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Ngokusetha usayizi wendawo ogxilile ngokusekelwe ekubekezeleleni kwakho ubungozi, ungagwema lo mgibe ovamile futhi ugcine izinga eliphezulu, ngisho nasezimakethe ezishintshashintshayo kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zisekelo, kukhona namasu athuthukile okulinganisa isikhundla njenge martingale futhi anti-martingale. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhulisa noma ukunciphisa usayizi wendawo yakho ngokusekelwe kumphumela wangaphambilini trades. Nakuba la masu engaba nenzuzo, aphinde athwale izinga eliphezulu lobungozi futhi kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela abanolwazi traders.
Noma ngabe ungumfundi trader osanda kuqala noma uchwepheshe ongumakadebona ofuna ukuhlela kahle isu lakho, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ngendlela efanele usayizi wesikhundla kubalulekile. Akukhona mayelana nokujaha inzuzo noma ukugwema ukulahlekelwa, kodwa mayelana nokulawula ubungozi kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nemigomo yakho yokuhweba yesikhathi eside.
3.2. Uthango
Emhlabeni wokuhweba osezingeni eliphezulu, ukuphatha ubungozi akulona nje isu—kuyisidingo. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa ukumboza. Emgogodleni wayo, i-hedging kuwumkhuba wokwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kukhokhelwe ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona noma izinzuzo ezingase zenziwe ngokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali. Kufana nomshwalense wakho trades, ukuhlinzeka ngenethi yokuphepha ngokumelene nokuguquguquka kwemakethe nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile.
Ubuhle be-hedging bukhona ekuguquguqukeni kwayo. Traders angakwazi ukumelana nezingozi ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amanani enzalo, impahla, imali yangaphandle, nezabelomali. Iqhinga liwukutshala ezibambiso ezimbili ezinobudlelwano obungebuhle. Isibonelo, uma ukhathazekile ngokuncipha okungenzeka kwemakethe yamasheya, ungatshala imali ku- beka inketho-inkontileka ekunikeza ilungelo lokuthengisa inani elithile lamasheya ngentengo eshiwo ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Uma imakethe yehla ngempela, ukulahlekelwa kwakho esitokweni kuzoxazululwa yizinzuzo ngenketho yokubeka.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uthango akusona isixazululo esilingana nobukhulu obubodwa. Amasu ahlukene asebenzela izimo ezihlukene, futhi ukusebenza kahle kothango kungahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nesikhathi, izimo zemakethe, kanye nemvelo yokutshalwa kwezimali okuyisisekelo. Yingakho kubalulekile baqonde ubungozi kanye nemivuzo okuhlotshaniswa nothango ngalunye, kanye nokuqapha njalo nokulungisa isu lakho njengoba kudingeka.
Elinye isu elidumile lokubiyela yi- Pair trade, okubandakanya ukuthenga isikhundla eside esitokisini esisodwa kanye nesimo esifushane kwesinye. Leli su lisekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi izitoko ezimbili zizohamba zibheke ezinhlangothini eziphambene, futhi kungaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa ubungozi—ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezishintshashintshayo. Khumbula, inhloso yokubiyela akukhona ukuqeda ubungozi ngokuphelele, kodwa ukuyilawula ngendlela ehambisana nezinhloso zakho zokuhweba kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi.
Ekugcineni, ukugoqa okuphumelelayo kuwubuciko obuningi njengoba kuyisayensi. Kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwemakethe, iso elibukhali lamathrendi, kanye nekhono lokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kodwa ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, ukucwaninga ngenkuthalo, kanye nenhlanhla encane, uthango lungashintsha umdlalo wephothifoliyo yakho yokuhweba—okukusiza ukuthi uzulazule ekukhuphukeni nokwehla kwemakethe ngokuzethemba nokulawula.
3.3. Ukusebenzisa Amathuluzi Okuhweba Ukulawula Ubungozi
Emkhakheni wokuhweba, ukuphathwa kwengozi kuwubuciko obungacijwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhweba. Lawa mathuluzi, aklanywe nge ukunemba nokuba yinkimbinkimbi, sebenza njenge trader's compass, ebaqondisa ezimakethe zezezimali ezingalindelekile.
ukuhlaziywa Technical Amathuluzi, ngokwesibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ukukhomba izitayela zemakethe ezingaba khona kanye nokuhlehliswa, ukunikela trader nokubona isiqondisindlela esizayo sezintengo zempahla. Lawa mathuluzi ahlanganisa ukuhamba ngamaphesenti, I-Bollinger Amabhande, futhi Isihlobo Amandla Inkomba (RSI), ngayinye ihlinzeka ngemininingwane eyingqayizivele ku-dynamics yemakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yeka imiyalo yokulahlekelwa futhi thatha ama-oda enzuzo zingamathuluzi okuhweba abalulekile angenza inqubo yokulawula ubungozi ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-stop loss order ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo a trade lapho intengo ifinyelela ezingeni elinqunywe kusengaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela ikhawulela ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona. Ngokuphambene, i-take profit order ivala inzuzo ngokuvala a trade lapho intengo ifinyelela izinga elithile ku trader umusa.
Ukusetshenziswa sebenzisa kungenye ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhweba lokulawula ubungozi. Nakuba ivumela traders ukukhulisa inzuzo engaba khona ngokuhweba ngemali enkulu kunaleyo abanayo, futhi kukhulisa ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amandla ngobuhlakani futhi ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okulawula ubungozi.
Okokugcina, ukuhlukahluka kwephothifoliyo kuyisu elibalulekile elingenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhweba. Ngokusabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezahlukahlukene, traders inganciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nanoma iyiphi ukusebenza kwempahla eyodwa.
Empeleni, amathuluzi okuhweba anikeza indlela ehlelekile yokulawula ubungozi, evumela traders ukuzulazula ezimakethe zezimali ngokuzethemba nokulawula. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa mathuluzi awawona amaphutha futhi kufanele asetshenziswe kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kokuguquguquka kwemakethe namasu okuhweba azwakalayo.
4. Ukuhlakulela Ingqondo Yokulawula Ubungozi
Ukwamukela ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele akukhona nje ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe bokuhweba. Kumayelana nokuhlakulela umqondo obona ubungozi njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhweba. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusuka ekuboneni ubungozi njengesitha okumele sihlulwe uye ekubukeni njengozakwenu ohambweni lwakho lokuhweba.
- Okokuqala, vuma ukuthi ingozi ayinakugwenywa ekuhwebeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwazi kahle kangakanani ukuxaka kwemakethe, kuzohlale kukhona okuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokulawula kwakho. Okubalulekile akukona ukuqeda ingozi, kodwa ukuyiphatha ngokuphumelelayo.
- Okwesibili, ungavumeli ukwesaba ingozi kukuvimbe amandla. Kulula ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwezohwebo. Nokho, ngempumelelo tradeuyakwazi ukulinganisa ukuqapha nesibindi. Khumbula, ingozi nayo ingaletha ithuba.
- Okwesithathu, yenza ukulawula ubungozi kube umkhuba. Kufake emisebenzini yakho yokuhweba yansuku zonke. Lokhu kungasho ukusetha ama-oda okulahlekelwa kokuyeka, ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho, noma ubuyekeze njalo futhi ulungise amasu akho okuhweba.
- Okokugcina, hlakulela ukukhuthazela. Ngisho namasu angcono kakhulu okulawula ubungozi, ukulahlekelwa kuyokwenzeka. Ikhono lokuhlehla kulezi zithiyo yilo elihlukanisa impumelelo traders kokunye.
Empeleni, ukuhlakulela umqondo wokulawula ubungozi kumayelana nokwamukela, ukuphatha, nokufunda engcupheni. Imayelana nokubona ubungozi hhayi njengosongo, kodwa njengethuluzi lokukhula nempumelelo emhlabeni wokuhweba.
4.1. Ukwamukela Ukulahlekelwa Njengengxenye Yokuhweba
Yamukela iqiniso lokulahlekelwa kokuhweba. Ukuhweba akulona uhambo oluya phezulu. Ukuhamba nge-rollercoaster okunokwehla nokwenyuka, ukunqoba kanye nezithiyo. Futhi yizithiyo, ukulahlekelwa, lapho kufundwa khona izifundo zangempela.
Ukulahlekelwa akukhona ukwehluleka, kodwa amathuba. Bayizitebhisi ezibheke emgomweni wakho omkhulu - ubuciko bokuhweba. Uma ulahlekelwa, ungagxili ekuzidabukeleni noma ukuvumele kuthinte ukuzethemba kwakho. Kunalokho, isebenzise njengethuba lokuthuthukisa isu lakho lokuhweba. Hlaziya lokho okungahambanga kahle, wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo, futhi uqhubekele phambili ngokuzimisela okuvuselelwe.
Kubalulekile uku lawula imizwa. Ukuhweba kuwumdlalo wezinombolo namasu, hhayi imizwelo. Izinqumo ezingokomzwelo ngokuvamile ziholela ezingozini nokulahlekelwa okungadingekile. Gcina umbono ozolile, onenjongo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhlelwa kokulahlekelwa.
Sebenzisa isu eliqinile lokulawula ubungozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetha umkhawulo wokulahlekelwa kokuma ukuze uvale ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo lapho izinga elithile lokulahlekelwa lifinyelelwa. Kuyindlela esebenzayo yokukhawulela ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka futhi uvimbele okubi okukodwa trade ekusuleni yonke i-akhawunti yakho.
Ungalokothi uzifaka engozini engaphezu kwalokho ongakwazi ukukukhokhela. Njengomthetho wesithupha, ungalokothi ube sengozini engaphezu kuka-1-2% wemali yakho yokuhweba kanye trade. Ngale ndlela, noma ngabe unochungechunge lokulahlekelwa, imali yakho yokuhweba ngeke incishwe kakhulu.
Khumbula njalo, ukuhweba i-marathon, hhayi i-sprint. Kungumzamo wesikhathi eside odinga isineke, isiyalo, nokufunda okuqhubekayo. Ukulahlekelwa kuyizithiyo zesikhashana ohambweni lwakho oluya empumelelweni yokuhweba. Bamukele, funda kubo, futhi uqhubeke uphokophele phambili.
4.2. Ukubeka phambili Ukulawulwa Kwengozi kunenzuzo
Ezweni elivusa amadlingozi kwezohwebo, kulula ukuhileleka ekuphishekeleni inzuzo. Nokho, ubuciko obungabalulekile be ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele ngokuvamile uphethe isihluthulelo sempumelelo yesikhathi eside. Ubuciko obudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwemakethe, umuzwa ojulile wokuqonda, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, isibindi sokubeka phambili ukuphepha kunezinzuzo ezisheshayo.
Imakethe yokuhweba, eguquguqukayo futhi engalindelekile, ifana nesilo sasendle. Ingakuvuza ngengcebo ongayicabanga noma ikushiye ungenamali ngemizuzwana nje. Lapha kulele ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kobungozi. Isebenza njengesivikelo, isivikelo esingadambisa ukushaya lapho imakethe ikujikela. Akukhona ngokugwema izingozi, kodwa mayelana nokuziqonda nokuzilawula ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukulawulwa kobungozi kuyisiyalo esinezici eziningi. Kuhlanganisa ukusetha imiyalo yokulahlekelwa kokuyeka ukuze kukhawulwe ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona, ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho ukuze usabalalise ubungozi, nokuqapha njalo amathrendi ezimakethe. Kubandakanya nokuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwesu lakho lokuhweba nokusebenza, ukuhlonza ubuthakathaka nokwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo.
Inzuzo ngokungangabazeki ibalulekile, kodwa akufanele neze kufike ngezindleko zokulawula ubungozi ngobuhlakani. Ubudedengu obubodwa trade ingasula izinyanga zenzuzo ezuzwe kanzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isu lokubeka engcupheni elilawulwa kahle lingakusiza ukuthi ube nezivunguvungu zemakethe yesimo sezulu futhi ukhulise ingcebo yakho kancane kancane. Kuyisenzo esibucayi sokulinganisa, esidinga isiyalo, isineke, nendlela ecacile.
Ekupheleni, ukuhweba okuphumelelayo akukhona nje ukwenza inzuzo, kodwa mayelana nokugcina inhloko-dolobha yakho futhi uphile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi imakethe iyi-marathon, hhayi i-sprint. Kumayelana nokubona ukuthi zonke trade kuthwala ubungozi, nokuthi ukuphatha lobu bungozi kubaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenjalo, kunokujaha inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ulingeka ukuba uye kulowo mvuzo onobungozi obukhulu, ophakeme trade, khumbula: ukuphathwa kwengozi kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili kuwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
4.3. Ukusetshenziswa Okungaguquguquki Kwezinqubo Zokulawula Ubungozi
ukungaguquguquki iwumgogodla wokulawulwa kobungozi okusebenzayo. Akwanele ukuba namasu acatshangelwe kahle endaweni; kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokungaguquki ukuze kwehliswe ubungozi ngempela. Lokhu kusho ukunamathela ezinhlelweni zakho, noma ngabe imakethe iguquguquka ngendlela exakile, futhi ingavumeli imizwa ukuthi ilawule izinqumo zakho.
Isiyalo ukhiye. Kulula ukuchezuka kumasu akho okulawula ubungozi uma ubona amathuba enzuzo enkulu, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Kunalokho, gxila ekugcineni indlela enganyakazi, leyo esekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okucophelela nokwahlulela okuphusile.
Thatha ikhasi encwadini yabaphumelele traders abaye bamelana nezivunguvungu zezimakethe eziguquguqukayo. Abagxumi kuwo wonke amathuba; esikhundleni salokho, banamathela emasu abo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokungaguquki ukuphatha ubungozi ngempumelelo.
- Ukubuyekeza Okuvamile: Ukuphatha ubungozi akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa. Kudinga ukubuyekezwa nokulungiswa njalo. Izimo zemakethe ziyashintsha, futhi amasu akho kufanele aguquke nawo. Ukubuyekeza njalo izinqubo zakho zokulawula ubungozi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone noma yikuphi ukushiyeka futhi wenze intuthuko edingekayo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi: Lokhu kubandakanya ukulingisa izimo ezimbi kakhulu ukuze ubone ukuthi amasu akho asebenza kanjani. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kobungozi, okukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele okubi kakhulu ube unethemba lokuhle.
- Ukufunda okuqhubekayo: Imakethe yezezimali iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ishintsha njalo. Ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana namathrendi emakethe, amasu amasha okuhweba, kanye nezinguquko zokulawula kungakusiza ulungise amasu akho okulawula ubungozi njengoba kudingeka.
Khumbula, inhloso yokulawulwa kobungozi akukhona ukuqeda ubungozi ngokuphelele – lokho akunakwenzeka. Esikhundleni salokho, kumayelana nokuyiphatha ngempumelelo, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka, nokwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela. Futhi lokho kudinga isicelo esingaguquki yezinqubo zakho zokulawula ubungozi.
