1. Ukuqonda Izinkomba Zevolumu
Izinkomba zevolumu zingamathuluzi abalulekile kunqolobane yempumelelo trader noma umtshali-zimali. Bahlinzeka ngewindi ekusebenzeni kwangaphakathi kwemakethe, banikeza imininingwane engabonakali ngokushesha ngentengo yodwa. Ukuqonda okujulile kwezinkomba zevolumu kungadalula amandla noma ubuthakathaka obufihliwe emakethe, futhi kungase kubonise ukunyakaza kwamanani okuzayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.
Inkomba yevolumu esetshenziswa kakhulu yi- 'Ibha yevolumu'. Lena i-histogram elula ebonisa inani lamasheya traded ngesikhathi ngasinye. Ngokuqhathanisa amabha wevolumu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungathola imininingwane mayelana nemakethe umfutho. Isibonelo, uma ivolumu ikhuphuka ngezinsuku ezikhuphukayo futhi yehla ngezinsuku eziphansi, ingaphakamisa ukuthi abathengi bayalawula.
Enye inkomba yevolumu edumile yi- 'On-Balance Volume (OBV)'. Ngokusho kwe-Investopedia, i-OBV iyinani elikhulayo levolumu, elengezwe noma elisusiwe kuye ngokuthi intengo yosuku ivaliwe noma yehla. Yasungulwa nguJoe Granville ngo-1963, futhi inhloso yayo ukusebenzisa ukugeleza kwevolumu ukubikezela izinguquko enanini lesitoko.
Inkomba yesithathu yevolumu evamile yi- 'Chaikin Money Flow (CMF)'. Iqanjwe ngomdali wayo, uMarc Chaikin, i-CMF iklanyelwe ukukala ingcindezi yokuthenga nokudayisa esikhathini esimisiwe. I-CMF ishintshashintsha phakathi kuka--1 kanye no-+1. Amanani aqondile abonisa ingcindezi yokuthenga, kuyilapho amanani angemahle abonisa ingcindezi yokuthengisa.
'Klinger I-Volume Oscillator (KVO)' kungenye inkomba yevolumu enamandla. Yathuthukiswa ngu-Stephen Klinger futhi ihlose ukubikezela izitayela zesikhathi eside zokuhamba kwemali kuyilapho izwela ekuguquguqukeni kwesikhashana.
Ngayinye yalezi zikhombisi zevolumu inamandla ayo kanye nama-nuances, kodwa konke ababelana ngakho yikhono lokuhlinzeka ngombono oyingqayizivele ngokunyakaza kwemakethe. Ngokuhlanganisa izinkomba zevolumu nezinye analysis technical amathuluzi, traders nabatshalizimali bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, bandise amathuba abo okuphumelela emakethe. Khumbula, ivolumu ngokuvamile iyinkomba yokuqala yokubonisa ushintsho olungase lube khona kuthrendi, okulenza libe yithuluzi elibalulekile kukhithi yakho yamathuluzi yokuhweba.
1.1. Umqondo Wezinkomba Zevolumu
Lapho ungena emhlabeni wezezimali, ukuqonda umqondo we Ama-Volume Indicators kubalulekile. Lawa amafomula ezibalo asetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kobuchwepheshe kwezibambiso. Bayahlinzeka traders nabatshalizimali ngokuhlolwa kwenani lomsebenzi wokuhweba, okunganikeza ukuqonda kwamandla emakethe, impilo yethrendi, nokunyakaza kwamanani.
Ithiyori eyisisekelo ukuthi izinguquko eziphawulekayo zevolumu ngokuvamile zandulela ukushintsha kwentengo okukhulu. Izinkomba zevolumu zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amathrendi kanye nokuhlehla kwethrendi. Isibonelo, uma intengo yesitoko ikhuphuka futhi ivolumu nayo iyanda, traders ingase isho ukuthi ukuthambekela okuphezulu kunamandla futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke. Ngokuphambene, uma intengo ikhuphuka kodwa ivolumu iyehla, ingabonisa ukuhlehla kwethrendi okungaba khona.
Izinkomba zevolumu zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nokuhlaziywa kwentengo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla noma ubuthakathaka bethrendi. Zingaba usizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlonzeni ukuqubuka. Ngokocwaningo lukaBulkowski, ukugqashuka kuvame ukuholela ekwenzeni inzuzo trades uma kunokwenyuka kwevolumu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinkomba zevolumu, kufaka phakathi Ngevolumu esele (OBV), Umqulu Izinga Lokushintsha (VROC), kanye Nolayini Wokuqongelela/Wokusabalalisa. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela yalo yokubala eyingqayizivele kanye nencazelo, kodwa bonke bafuna ukukhombisa ukuhamba kwevolumu ngandlela thile.
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ngempumelelo izinkomba zevolumu kungathuthukisa kakhulu isu lakho lokuhweba, kunikeze ukuqonda okujulile kokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Kufana nokuba nesistimu ye-radar eveza ukuthi yini engaphansi kwesenzo senani. Ngakho-ke, izinkomba zevolumu ziyithuluzi elibalulekile ku-arsenal yokuphumelela traders nabatshalizimali.
1.2. Indlela Izinkomba Zevolumu Zisebenza Ngayo
Izinkomba zevolumu ziyithuluzi elibalulekile ezandleni ze-savvy trader noma umtshali-zimali, enikeza iwindi eliyingqayizivele lokushuba komsebenzi wokuhweba. Lawa mathuluzi okuhlaziya asekelwe kumanani okwenziwayo, futhi asiza ukunquma amandla okunyakaza kwentengo. Izinkomba zevolumu sebenza ngokuhlola inani lamasheya noma izinkontileka ezishintsha izandla ngesikhathi esithile.
The Ivolumu Yebhalansi (OBV), ngokwesibonelo, yengeza ivolumu ngezinsuku 'zokunyusa' futhi isuse ivolumu ngezinsuku 'eziphansi'. Ihlose ukubonisa lapho izimpahla zezimali ziqoqwa khona noma zabiwa, zisebenza njengesandulela esingase sibe khona ekushintsheni kwamanani okuzayo. Enye inkomba yevolumu edumile yi- Intengo Emaphakathi enesisindo sevolumu (I-VWAP), okunikeza inani elimaphakathi isibambiso esinaso traded ngalo lonke usuku, ngokusekelwe kukho kokubili umthamo kanye nenani. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziswa abahlaziyi bezobuchwepheshe ukukhomba isiqondiso semakethe.
Ivolumu ephezulu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamazinga emakethe abalulekile, ingaba isibonakaliso sokuqala komkhuba omusha, kuyilapho ivolumu ephansi ingase ibonise ukungaqiniseki noma ukungabi nesithakazelo. Uma kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwentengo, izinkomba zevolumu kungasiza traders ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Bangadalula okwenzeka ngemuva futhi banikeze imikhondo ebalulekile mayelana nendlela yesikhathi esizayo yentengo.
Khumbula, nokho, ukuthi izinkomba zevolumu ziyingxenye eyodwa yendida. Kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi kanye nezinkomba zokuhlaziywa kwemakethe okuphumelelayo kakhulu. (Investopedia, 2020)
Ngenkathi izinkomba zevolumu zinganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile, azinaphutha. Njengazo zonke izinkomba zobuchwepheshe, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-comrehensive uhlelo lokuhweba ehlanganisa izindawo ezifana ingozi ukubekezelelana kanye nezinhloso zokutshala izimali. Ukusebenzisa izinkomba zevolumu njengengxenye yesu lokuhweba elilinganiselwe kunganikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuguquguquka kwemakethe futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwakho kokuhweba.
2. Izinhlobo Zezinkomba Zevolumu
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene ze izinkomba zevolumu ingakhuphula kakhulu eyakho amasu ukuhweba kanye nezinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyi Ivolumu Yebhalansi (OBV) futhi I-Chaikin Money flow (CMF).
Ivolumu Yebhalansi (OBV), ithuthukiswe nguJoe Granville, iyinkomba elula kodwa enamandla. Ihlinzeka ngenani eliphelele levolumu ngokwengeza ivolumu yosuku enanini elisebenzayo lapho intengo yesibambiso ivala, futhi iyayisusa uma intengo yesibambiso ivaleka. Lokhu kuyasiza trader inquma intshisekelo yomphakathi ekuvikelekeni okuthile. Ngokuvumelana ne Investopedia, lapho i-OBV ikhuphuka ngokuqhathaniswa nenani lokuvikeleka, ibonisa ukucindezela kwevolumu evumayo okungaholela ezintengo eziphakeme.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi, I-Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), eyakhiwe ngu-Marc Chaikin, iyisilinganiso esinesisindo somthamo we ukuqongelela nokusabalalisa esikhathini esibekiwe. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwenkomba ye-CMF ukuhlola amandla ethrendi noma ukulindela ukuhlehla ngokubheka ukugeleza kwevolumu. Ukufundwa okuhle kwe-CMF kukhombisa ingcindezi yokuthenga kuyilapho i-CMF engeyinhle ikhombisa ingcindezi yokuthengisa. Njengoba Fidelity kusikisela, isiginali ye-bearish inikezwa lapho i-CMF ivuma futhi intengo eguquguqukayo ibheke phezulu, kuyilapho isiginali ye-bearish inikezwa lapho i-CMF iyinegethivu futhi intengo eguquguqukayo ibheke phansi.
Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinkomba ezimbili zevolumu, tradeI-rs ingathola umbono obanzi wokuguquguquka kwemakethe kanye nokuthambekela okungenzeka, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ikhono labo lokwenza izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi oluhle.
2.1. Ivolumu Yebhalansi (OBV)
Ivolumu ye-Balance (OBV) iyithuluzi elinamandla ezandleni zimali savvy. Idizayinwe ngu-Joe Granville ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, le nkomba eyingqayizivele esekelwe kumthamo ilinganisa ukugeleza kwezimali okunqwabelanayo ukungena nokuphuma kokuvikeleka okuthile, ngaleyo ndlela kukhombisa izinga lokukholelwa traders. I-OBV isebenza ngesimiso esilula: yengeza ivolumu yenkathi ku-OBV uma intengo yokuvala ibiphezulu kunokuvalwa kwangaphambilini, futhi ikhipha ivolumu uma ukuvala bekuphansi.
Leli thuluzi elinamandla linganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kumathrendi emakethe. I-OBV ekhulayo isho ukuthi ivolumu iyakhuphuka ekukhuphukeni kwentengo, okungabonisa ukubusa komthengi. Ngokuphambene, ukwehla kwe-OBV kusikisela ukuthi ivolumu iyenyuka emalini ehlayo, okubonisa ukubusa komthengisi. Lolu lwazi lungasiza traders balindele ukuguqulwa kwezimakethe okungaba khona futhi bahlonze amathuba okuhweba anenzuzo enkulu.
Lokho kusho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi I-OBV akulona ithuluzi elizimele. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkomba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba kuyithuluzi elizuzisayo, njengazo zonke izinkomba, alilona iqiniso futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe ngobuhlakani.
Amandla ayisihluthulelo e-OBV asemandleni ayo okukhiqiza izimpawu zokuhlukana. Uma i-OBV yenza uchungechunge lweziqongo ezikhuphukayo kanye nemikhombe ngenkathi intengo yenza iziqongo ezehlayo kanye nemikhombe, lokhu kwaziwa njengokwehlukana okuhle. Ingabonisa amandla okuguqulwa kwe-bullish. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umehluko ongemuhle—lapho i-OBV yenza iziqongo ezehlayo nezikhonkwane kuyilapho intengo yenza iziqongo ezikhuphukayo nemikhombe—ingaphakamisa ukuguqulwa okungaba khona kwe-bearish.
Naphezu kokubonakala kwayo kulula, i-OBV iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo neliqinile elingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhithi yakho yamathuluzi yokuhlaziya lobuchwepheshe. Ikhono layo lokudalula amathrendi emakethe afihlekile futhi lifanekisele ukuguqulwa kwentengo okungase kube khona lingabaluleka kakhulu emhlabeni wokuhweba ohamba ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, khumbula njalo ukuyisebenzisa njengengxenye yesu elibanzi, esikhundleni sokuzihlukanisa, ukuze uthole imiphumela enembe kakhulu nesebenza ngempumelelo.
2.2. I-Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP)
The I-Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) iyithuluzi elibalulekile traders nabatshalizimali, enikeza isithombe esiphelele somsebenzi wokuhweba wosuku. Lesi sikhombi sevolumu sikunikeza intengo emaphakathi yesivikelo ngesikhathi esibekiwe, sifaka phakathi kokubili intengo nevolumu. Ibalwa ngokuphindaphinda ivolumu yokuhweba endaweni ngayinye yenani ngentengo ngokwayo, bese kuhlukaniswa isamba ngevolumu ephelele. Umphumela uyinani ledola elilodwa elimelela inani elimaphakathi lapho trades zabulawa ngaleso sikhathi.
Le nkomba yevolumu iwusizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abahweba nge-algorithmic noma abasebenzisa ama-oda amakhulu. I I-VWAP ingasebenza njengesilinganiso, isize traders ukuhlola ukusebenza kwemakethe esikhathini esithile. Uma inani lamanje lingaphezu kwe-VWAP, libonisa ukuthi isibambiso sihweba ngentengo ephezulu kunesilinganiso, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Lolu lwazi lungabaluleka kakhulu uma unquma ngezindawo zokungena nokuphuma kuzo trades.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi I-VWAP iyinkomba yokusalela emuva, okusho ukuthi ibala izilinganiso ngokusekelwe kudatha yangaphambilini futhi ingase ingabikezeli ngokunembile umnyakazo wamanani wesikhathi esizayo. Isetshenziswa kangcono kakhulu ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya ezobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole umbono oyindingilizi we-dynamics yemakethe.
Abatshalizimali bezikhungo bavame ukusebenzisa I-VWAP ukwenza zabo trades eduze kwenani lentengo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemakethe kanye nokushelela. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ezinhlelweni zempesheni nasezikhwameni ezihlangene ngezizathu ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-VWAP ingaba yithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuthengisa traders, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane enanini lokulinganisa lemakethe, okungaba iphoyinti elibalulekile eliyinkomba lamasu okuhweba komuntu siqu.
Khumbula, njenganoma yiliphi elinye ithuluzi lokuhweba, i I-VWAP ayiyona into engenangqondo futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngobuhlakani. Kuyithuluzi elinikeza ulwazi nokuqondisisa, kodwa ekugcineni, ukuhweba okuphumelelayo kuncike esu eliphelele elicabangela izici nezinkomba ezihlukahlukene. Kanjalo, traders kanye nabatshalizimali kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi benze ucwaningo olubanzi futhi baxhumane nomeluleki wezezimali ochwepheshe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zokuhweba.
Imithombo:
Isikhungo se-CFA. (2020). I-Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP). Kubuyiswe ku-https://www.cfainstitute.org/
I-Investopedia. (2020). I-Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP). Kubuyiswe ku-https://www.investopedia.com/
2.3. I-Money Flow Index (MFI)
The Inkomba yokugeleza kwemali (MFI) iyinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yevolumu nokuhlaziywa kwentengo enikezayo traders kanye nabatshalizimali umbono ophelele womsebenzi wemakethe. Le oscillator ihamba phakathi kuka-0 no-100, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ngezimo ezingase zithengwe kakhulu nezidayiswe kakhulu emakethe. Ukuhlaziya i-MFI kungasiza ekuhlonzeni ukuguqulwa kwentengo okungaba khona kanye nokuqinisekisa amandla ethrendi.
I-MFI ibalwa ngokuqongelela amanani okugeleza kwemali avumayo kanye namabi (ngokusekelwe enanini elivamile nevolumu yenkathi), bese kwakheka isilinganiso semali. Umphumela ube usuxhunywa ku-equation enikeza i-MFI. I-MFI icabangela kokubili amanani nedatha yevolumu, ngokungafani nokunye ama-oscillators ezigxile kuphela enanini. Lokhu kwenza i-MFI ibe inkomba enamandla kakhulu enganikeza umbono obanzi wokuguquguquka kwemakethe.
Inani eliphakeme le-MFI (ngaphezulu kuka-80) ngokuvamile libonisa isimo esithengiwe ngokweqile lapho inani lingase lihlehliselwe phansi, kuyilapho inani eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-20) liphakamisa isimo sokudayiswa ngokweqile lapho inani lingahlehla liye phezulu. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izinkomba, i-MFI ayinaphutha futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi nezindlela zokuhlaziya.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba i-MFI ingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo ekuhlonzeni ithrendi kanye nokubikezela okuhlehliswayo, ngezinye izikhathi inganikeza amasiginali angamanga ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda okuphelele kwengqikithi yemakethe kubalulekile uma usebenzisa i-MFI ukwenza izinqumo zokuhweba.
I-Divergence esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ngenkathi sihlaziya i-MFI. Uma inani lenza ukuphakama okusha noma okuphansi okungabonisiwe ku-MFI, kungase kubonise ukuguqulwa kwentengo okungaba khona. Isibonelo, uma intengo ifinyelela phezulu okusha kodwa i-MFI yehluleka ukufinyelela phezulu okusha, kungase kube ukuhlukana kwe-bearish okubonisa ingcindezi yokuthengisa engase ibe khona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma intengo ifika ephansi okusha kodwa i-MFI ingafinyeleli ephansi entsha, kungaba ukwehlukana kwe-bullish okubonisa ingcindezi yokuthenga okungenzeka.
Empeleni, Inkomba yokugeleza kwemali iyithuluzi elisebenza ngezindlela eziningi elingangeza inani elibalulekile ku-a trader's arsenal, enikeza imininingwane mayelana nomfutho wentengo, amandla ethrendi, nokuhlehla okungaba khona. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yiliphi ithuluzi lokuhweba, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-MFI ngobuhlakani, ngokuhambisana nezinye izinkomba, futhi ucabangele izimo zemakethe zizonke.
3. Ukusebenzisa Izinkomba Zevolumu Yempumelelo Yokuhweba
Izinkomba zevolumu zingamathuluzi abalulekile ku-a trader's arsenal, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ngezinga lomsebenzi emakethe. Lezi zinkomba zinganikeza umbono oyingqayizivele ku-dynamics yemakethe, futhi uma zisetshenziswe kahle, zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinqumo zokuhweba.
Enye inkomba yevolumu edumile yi- Ivolumu ye-Balance (OBV). Le nkomba ingeza ivolumu ngezinsuku lapho intengo iqeda khona phezulu futhi ikhipha ivolumu ngezinsuku lapho intengo iqeda ukwehla ukuze inikeze isamba esihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kungasiza traders ukuhlonza amathrendi nokuhlehla, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunyakaza kwentengo. Isibonelo, uma i-OBV ikhuphuka kodwa intengo ingekho, ingaphakamisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwentengo kuseduze.[1].
Enye inkomba yevolumu enamandla yi- Inani Lokushintsha Kwevolumu (VROC). Leli thuluzi likala izinga lokushintsha kwevolumu phakathi nenkathi ethile. Kungasiza traders ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlehla kwemakethe, njengoba ukwanda okungazelelwe kwe-VROC kungakhombisa ukwanda kokuthenga noma ukuthengisa ingcindezi[2].
The I-Index Flow Money (MFI) inguqulo enesisindo somthamo we Isihlobo Amandla Inkomba (RSI). Kucabangela kokubili intengo nevolumu ukukala ingcindezi yokuthenga nokudayisa. Inani eliphakeme le-MFI (ngaphezu kuka-80) libonisa izimo ezithengiwe ngokweqile, kuyilapho inani eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-20) libonisa izimo ezidayiswe ngokweqile. Lokhu kungasiza traders ukuthatha isikhangisovantage yokunyakaza kwamanani okwedlulele kanye nokuguqulwa okungenzeka[3].
Empeleni, izinkomba zevolumu zingamathuluzi anamandla angathuthukisa a trader ikhono lokuqonda imizwa yemakethe nokwenza izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezinye izinkomba nezindlela zokuhlaziya ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo.
[1] "Ukuhlaziywa Kobuchwepheshe: Kwi-Balance Volume (OBV)", Investopedia.
[2] "I-Volume Rate of Change (VROC) Indicator", TradingView.
[3] "I-Money Flow Index (MFI)", ama-StockCharts.
3.1. Amasu Okusebenzisa Inkomba Yevolumu
Inani lezinkomba zevolumu kumkhakha wokuhweba awunakuphikiswa. Lawa mathuluzi anamandla anikeza ukuqonda ku- izimali yesitoko, evumela traders ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwabo. Kodwa ungakwandisa kanjani ukusebenza kwalezi zinkomba? Nawa amasu amathathu okufanele uwacabangele.
1. Ukuqinisekisa Amathrendi: Ivolumu ingasiza ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwamathrendi amanani. Uma intengo yesitoko ikhula futhi nevolumu nayo iyanda, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo kusekelwe umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthenga. Ngokuphambene, uma isitoko sehla ngevolumu ekhuphukayo, ingcindezi yokuthengisa yehlisa intengo. Lokhu kuhlobana phakathi kwentengo nomthamo kuwuphawu olucacile lomuzwa wemakethe maqondana nesitoko esithile.
2. Ukubona Ukuguqulwa: Izinkomba zevolumu zingasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukuhlehla kwethrendi okungaba khona. Ukwenyuka kwevolumu kungazelelwe kungase kubonise ukuguqulwa kwentengo okungenzeka. Isibonelo, uma intengo yesitoko yehla futhi kukhona ukukhuphuka kwevolumu okungazelelwe, kungasho ukuthi abathengi bayangena, okubonisa ukuhlehla kwethrendi okungaba khona.
3. Ukukhomba Ukuqubuka: Ukuphuka kwenzeka lapho intengo yesitoko idlula izinga elithile lokumelana noma ngaphansi kwezinga losekelo. Izikhombisi zevolumu zinganikeza izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zalokhu kuqubuka. Uma ivolumu yesitoko iphezulu kakhulu, ingaphakamisa ukuthi ukuphuma kuseduze.
Khumbula, nakuba lawa masu angathuthukisa umsebenzi wakho wokuhweba, awawona amaphutha. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa izinkomba zevolumu namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya ezobuchwepheshe ukuze wenze izinqumo eziphelele zokuhweba. Ivolumu akufanele neze isetshenziswe yodwa kodwa kufanele njalo isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezinye izinkomba namasu.
3.2. Izingibe Okufanele Zigwenywe Lapho Usebenzisa Izinkomba Zevolumu
Izwe lokuhweba lingaba indawo ekhohlisayo, egcwele izimpawu zamanga nezinkomba ezidukisayo. Enye indawo enjalo lapho traders ngokuvamile akhubeke ukusetshenziswa izinkomba zevolumu. Izinkomba zevolumu ziyithuluzi elibalulekile ku-a trader's arsenal, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ngemizwa yemakethe kanye nokuguqulwa kwamanani okungaba khona. Nokho, ukuthembela kubo ngaphandle kokuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwabo kungaholela emaphutheni abizayo.
Okokuqala, umgodi ovamile uwukuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi izinkomba zevolumu azinangqondo. Ayikho inkomba engenasici, futhi izinkomba zevolumu nazo azihlukile. Tradei-rs ivamise ukuhumusha ngokungeyikho ama-spikes ngevolumu njengophawu oluqinisekile lokuhlehliswa kwentengo okuzayo. Kodwa-ke, ivolumu yokuhweba ephezulu ingabonisa nokuqhubeka komkhuba wamanje. Eqinisweni, ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Journal of Finance, ivolumu yokuhweba ephezulu ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqhubeka komkhuba wamanje kunokuhlehla.
Elinye iphutha elivamile yehluleka ukucabangela ingqikithi yemakethe ebanzi. Izinkomba zevolumu akufanele neze zisetshenziswe zodwa. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu uma zisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya ezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwevolumu kungazelelwe kuhlanganiswe nokuphuma kwephethini yokuhlanganisa kungase kube isignali yokuthenga ethembeke kakhulu.
Okokugcina, traders ivame ukuwela ogibeni lwe ukuthembela ngokweqile ezinkomba zevolumu. Nakuba lawa mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile, akufanele kube ukuphela kwesisekelo sezinqumo zokuhweba. Isu lokuhweba elizungezwe kahle kufanele lihlanganise ingxube ye ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo, ukuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe, nezindlela zokulawula ubungozi.
Khumbula, izinkomba zevolumu azilona ibhola lekristalu. Banganikeza imininingwane ngemizwa yemakethe kanye nokunyakaza kwentengo okungaba khona, kodwa abanaphutha. Traders abaqondayo futhi bazulazule kulezi zingibe maningi amathuba okuthi baphumelele emhlabeni wokuhweba oguquguqukayo.
3.3. Izibonelo Zezikhombi Zokusebenzisa Ivolumu Eyimpumelelo
Isibonelo esimangalisayo sokusetshenziswa okuyimpumelelo kwenkomba yevolumu sibonakala endabeni ye UPawulu Tudor Jones, impahla eyaziwayo trader. NgoMsombuluko Omnyama odumile wango-1987, uJones wasebenzisa izinkomba zevolumu kanye nesenzo samanani ukulindela ukuphahlazeka kwemakethe. Wakwazi ukufinyeza imakethe yamasheya, okwaholela ekubuyeni kwezinhlamvu ezintathu esikhwameni sakhe ngalowo nyaka1.
Kwesinye isigameko, Richard Wyckoff, iphayona emkhakheni wokuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe, wakha i-Wyckoff Method. Le ndlela incike kakhulu ezinkomba zevolumu ngezimiso zayo. Indlela ka-Wyckoff ihilela ukutadisha ubuhlobo phakathi kwamathrendi amanani kanye nevolumu, nokuthola ukwephulwa kwamanani okungaba khona. Izindlela zakhe zisasetshenziswa kakhulu nanamuhla futhi ziye zaba negalelo elikhulu empumelelweni yabaningi traders2.
Okokugcina, i Ngevolumu esele (OBV) inkomba, eyakhiwe nguJoe Granville, iyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwenkomba yevolumu. Leli thuluzi empeleni lengeza ivolumu ngezinsuku 'zokunyusa' futhi likhipha ivolumu ngezinsuku 'eziphansi'. Uma i-OBV inyuka, ikhombisa ukuthi abathengi bazimisele ukungena bathenge ngamanani aphezulu. Lona kwakuwumqondo woguquko ngaleso sikhathi futhi usuye wamukelwa abaningi abaphumelelayo traders. Isibonelo, uGranville ngokwakhe wasebenzisa i-OBV ukubikezela kahle ukuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya ka-19743.
1 - "UPaul Tudor Jones: Thola Izigidi Zezigidi Zakho Zokuqala Usebenzisa Isistimu Eqinisekisiwe Yezigidigidi Eziphezulu Ze-Hedge Fund" nguStan Miller
2 - "Izifundo Ekufundweni Kwekhasethi" nguRichard Wyckoff
3 – “Isu Elisha Le-Daily Stock Market Timing for Maximum Profit” ka-Joseph E. Granville
