💡 Izinyathelo ezibalulekile
- Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa nikeza isu lokuthi abatshalizimali bakwazi ukwenza inzuzo enanini elinciphayo lempahla. Leli su libandakanya ukusetshenziswa kokuphuma kokunye kwezezimali njengezinketho nekusasa.
- Ukudala a Isikhundla Esifushane Sokwenziwa kuhlanganisa ukuthenga inketho yokubeka nokuthengisa inketho yokushaya kuleyo mpahla eyisisekelo enenani elifanayo lesiteleka kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Leli su lihloselwe ukulingisa imbuyiselo yokuthengisa okufushane leyo mpahla ngokuqondile.
- Abatshalizimali kudingeka baqaphele ubungozi obuhlobene nezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathuba okulahlekelwa okungenamkhawulo uma intengo yempahla ikhuphuka, amathuba okuthi izinketho zingaphelelwa yisikhathi zingenamsebenzi, kanye nesidingo semali enkulu nezidingo zemajini.
Nokho, umlingo usemininingwaneni! Yembula ama-nuances abalulekile ezigabeni ezilandelayo... Noma, gxuma uqonde kwezethu Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngemininingwane Egcwele!
1. Ukuqonda Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Emkhakheni wokuhweba, Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa dlala indima ebalulekile. Kuyisu elizalwe kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinketho zokuhweba nokudayiswa okufushane okubonisa imbuyiselo yokuthengisa okufushane isibambiso. Isebenza kanjani? Kunokuba wenze ukuthengisa okufushane okungokwesiko esitokweni, traders iqala isimo esifushane sokwenziwa ngokuthenga inketho yokubeka nokuthengisa inketho yokushaya ucingo ngesivikelo esiyisisekelo esifanayo nenani lesiteleka elifanayo kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Lokhu okubili kwe izinketho ihlinzeka a trader ngokuguquguquka kokuzuza ekuncipheni ku intengo eyisisekelo yokuphepha – umqondo ohlaba umxhwele futhi ohlangene ngokulinganayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwalezi zinketho ezimbili kusebenze njengetshe lekhona lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa.
Ngokuphambene nesimo esifushane esivamile, lapho umuntu eboleka amasheya ukuze adayise futhi enethemba lokwehla kwentengo, zokwenziwa iDemo isikhundla akudingi ukubolekwa kwamasheya, ukunciphisa inani ingozi yokukhama okufushane. Kuyathakazelisa akunjalo? Nokho, ukuzulazula lokhu kudinga ulwazi olujulile lwezinketho amasu ukuhweba kanye nezingozi ezingokwemvelo, eziphawulekayo ikakhulukazi uma inani lesitoko lazisa esikhundleni sokwehla.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusungula isikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa kuyisu elithuthukile elidinga ukubekezelelana okunobungozi obukhulu. Njengomtshali-zimali, qinisekisa njalo ukuthi kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu lwengozi. Emakethe eguquguqukayo, amandla okukhuphuka okungalindelekile kwentengo yesibambiso awakwazi ukuzitshwa. Ukunciphisa izimo ezinjalo, isu lokuvikela ucingo, noma ukumane, ukusetha ukuyeka-ukulahlekelwa imiyalo ingenza umehluko omkhulu.
Ukwamukela i-Synthetic Short Position kungaba ithuluzi elisebenzayo lama-speculators, ama-hedgers, nalabo abafuna amandla kodwa iza nezingqinamba nezinselelo okufanele ziqondwe ngokucophelela futhi zilawulwe. Yilapho kunqunywa khona traders bakhombisa amandla abo, futhi ukuqonda kwabo izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kuba indlela yabo eya empumelelweni yokuhweba.
| umqondo |
incazelo |
| I-Synthetic Short Selling |
Isu lokuhweba elivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bazuze ekwehleni kwentengo yempahla ngaphandle kokuba nobunikazi noma ukuyiboleka. |
| Izingxenye |
Ukuthenga inketho yokubeka (ukubheja ekwehleni kwentengo) nokuthengisa inketho yokushaya ucingo (okungenzeka ubophe ukuthengisa ngentengo ephezulu). |
| Advantages |
Akukho ukuboleka okudingekile, ubungozi obunomkhawulo, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezintengo zesiteleka nezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. |
| Izingozi |
Amathuba enzuzo alinganiselwe, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezinketho, kanye nokuzwela kokuguquguquka nezimo zemakethe. |
1.1. Incazelo Yezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa, kusuka ku-a trader, inikeza isu eliyingqayizivele lokuhlanganyela emikhakheni yemakethe ngokuvamile okunzima ukulithinta. Ichazwa njengohlelo lokutshala imali olubandakanya ukuthengiswa kwethuluzi lezezimali umthengisi angeyena umnikazi walo, I-Synthetic Short Positions incike enhlanganisela yezinkontileka zezinketho ukuze ilingise inzuzo engaba khona efanayo nezingozi zokubamba isikhundla esifushane empahleni eyisisekelo.
Ukujula ezicini zobuchwepheshe, ukusungulwa kwe-Synthetic Short Position kufezwa ngokuthengisa ucingo nokuthenga inketho yokubeka. Zombili izinketho kufanele zibe nenani lesiteleka elifanayo nezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lesi sikhundla esiyingqayizivele sinikeza tradeinamandla okuqagela ngomnyakazo wentengo eyehlayo, noma ukuvikela ukwehla kwentengo okungaba khona.
Ngamagama alula, uma a trader ilindele ukwehla okukhulu kwentengo yesitoko esithile kodwa ithola ukuboleka isitoko ngokuthengisa okufutshane kunzima noma kuyabiza, I-Synthetic Short Position ingaba yisixazululo esifanelekile. Lokhu kuvumela i- trader ukuthola isikhundla semakethe esifana nendali emfishane, ngaphandle kokudinga ukubolekwa kwangempela kwempahla.
Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele uqaphele ngalo Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa yingozi ethwalayo. Nakuba kuvula umnyango wenzuzo emakethe enciphayo, ukukhuphuka kwentengo yesitoko esingaphansi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, gcina leli su ezimweni lapho ukwehla kwentengo kubonakala kungenzeka.
Ukuqonda ububanzi kanye nemikhawulo ye-Synthetic Short Positions kubalulekile ekuhwebeni unolwazi. Ukuqaphela izindleko ezingafuneki, ukuchayeka engozini, kanye nobunzima bokuphatha lezi zikhundla kunikeza traders ngokubona kusengaphambili ukwenza izinqumo ezikhanyiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amathuba okuba nembuyiselo evumayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-Synthetic Short Positions isebenza kanjani kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye- trader's toolkit.
1.2. Ukubaluleka Kwezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zidlala i indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuhweba. Ngalokhu, abatshalizimali bathola ikhono loku inzuzo ekwehleni kwentengo yesibambiso ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba ngumnikazi wesibambiso kwasekuqaleni. Leli isu elivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuboleka kwangempela kwesibambiso kufakazela ukuthi kunzima noma kubiza. Inikeza enye indlela yokushoda okuvamile, ilingisa ngokuphumelelayo iphethini yokukhokha efanayo.
Ubunjiniyela bezezimali bokudala wenze izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zifinyeleleke kuhlu olubanzi lwabahlanganyeli bemakethe. Izikhungo zezezimali ezinkulu azisezona zodwa ezisizayo. Abatshalizimali bezitolo nabo, bangabamba iqhaza kulawa masu amasha, inqobo nje uma benokuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhweba ngezinketho.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sisekuguquguqukeni kwezindawo ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Bavumela abatshalizimali ukuthi ngobuchule ukuphatha ubungozi ngokuvimba amaphothifoliyo abo ekwehleni okungase kube khona emakethe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwakhiwa 'kwe-protective put', ingxenye eyinhloko yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Kuyinethiwekhi yokuphepha yohlobo oluthile, eqapha iphothifoliyo kunoma imaphi amahithi anzima wezezimali.
zezimali esinye isikhangiso esikhuluvantage lokho kuza nezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Ukuhweba ngezikhindi zokwenziwa kungenisa imali eyengeziwe emakethe. Ngokuphambene nokuthengisa okufushane okuqondile lapho umuntu engase abe namasheya okunzima ukuwaboleka, izikhundla ezimfishane zokwenziwa aziyingeni indaba enjalo. Lokhu-ke, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemakethe jikelele ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamathuba abanzi okwenza inzuzo.
Sekukonke, imvelo emisha, ukuguquguquka, ukufinyeleleka okwandisiwe, kanye nenani lemali elithuthukisiwe kungezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani ukubaluleka kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kungeke kugcizelelwe. Sebephenduke yonke indawo kukhithi yamathuluzi yabatshalizimali esezingeni eliphezulu, ukubumba amasu okuhweba kanye nokuqinisa amaphothifoliyo.
2. Indlela Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa Zisebenza Ngayo
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zihlanganisa amathuluzi amabili ezezimali, izinketho kanye Amasheya, ukulingisa indawo emfushane. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ngabakwa- traders ukubheja ngokumelene nokukhuphuka okungenzeka kwentengo yempahla ngaphandle kokuba ubunikazi bempahla. Ngokuningiliziwe, a trader yakha indawo emfushane yokwenziwa ngokuthenga inketho yokubeka kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ithengisa inketho yocingo efanayo yempahla efanayo.
Ukuphila kwesimo esifushane sokwenziwa kuhambisana nedethi ethile yokuphelelwa yisikhathi njengoba kuya ngezinketho. Iphrofayili yenzuzo nokulahlekelwa yesikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa ifana naleyo yokuthengisa okufushane okujwayelekile. Noma yikuphi ukuncipha kwenani lempahla eyisisekelo kuveza inzuzo, kanti ukwenyuka kubangela ukulahlekelwa.
Isici esibalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kusungulwa indawo emfushane yokwenziwa yinani lesiteleka. Umtshalizimali udinga ukukhetha i- intengo yesiteleka efanayo okukhethwa kukho kokubeka nokubiza ukulingisa ukuthengisa okufushane okuphelele. Umthelela walokhu emphumeleni womsebenzi awukwazi ukugcizelelwa.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-volatility eshiwo imile njengento ebalulekile ethonya izindawo ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Ukuguquguquka okukhulayo kuhambisana namaphrimiyamu aphezulu kuzinketho, ngakho-ke, izindleko zokudala isikhundla ziyakhuphuka. Ngokuphambene, ukwehla kokuguquguquka kuholela emazingeni aphansi, okunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko.
Ezimakethe zezimali, ukusebenzisa izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kuyindlela enamasu aphezulu traders ukuveza imibono yabo yemakethe. Inikeza imiksi eyingqayizivele yokuguquguquka nokuchayeka, evumela traders ukudala izikhundla eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesitoko esingaphansi. Kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kokusha traders, kodwa ngendlela efanele, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zingaba ithuluzi elinamandla ku-a trader's arsenal. Nokho, njenganoma yiliphi isu lezezimali, alinazo izihibe ezingaba khona futhi kufanele lifakwe ngohlelo olucatshangelwe kahle nokuqonda okuphelele.
2.1. Inqubo Yokumisa Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zimelela isu lokuhweba elithuthukile lapho traders iphindaphinda imbuyiselo engaba khona yokuthengisa okufushane kusetshenziswa okuphuma kokunye kwezezimali. Lelisu, elivame ukusetshenziswa ngu forex, izinketho, nekusasa traders, idinga ubuchwepheshe bokuqonda amathuluzi ahlukahlukene aphuma kokunye njengezinketho, ukushintshashintsha, ikusasa, nokuya phambili.
I-kernel yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ilele ekudalweni kwezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: inketho yokushaya ucingo olufushane kanye nenketho yokubeka isikhathi eside, kokubili ngentengo yesiteleka efanayo nokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Inhlanganisela yalezi zikhundla ezimbili ilingisa isimo esingaba khona senzuzo nokulahlekelwa sokuthengisa okufushane okuqondile kwesibambiso esiyisisekelo.
Ukusetha Isikhundla Esifushane Sokwenziwa kuyinqubo ecophelelayo. I trader iqala ngokuthengisa inketho yokushaya ucingo ekuvikelekeni okuthile abalindele ukuthi kuzokwehla intengo. Nakuba inketho yokushaya ucingo inika umbambi ilungelo lokuthenga isibambiso esiyisisekelo ngentengo ethile ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngokuthengisa inketho yokushaya ucingo, trader usebhange ukuthi intengo yesibambiso yehle.
Ingxenye yesibili yokusetha ihlanganisa ukuthenga inketho yokubeka esivikelweni esifanayo ngenani lesiteleka elifanayo kanye nedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lokhu kuvumela i- trader ilungelo lokuthengisa isibambiso ngentengo yesiteleka, ukubavikela uma intengo yezokuphepha yenyuka kakhulu esikhundleni sokwehla njengoba kulindelekile.
Ukulinganisa lezi zikhundla kunciphisa ngempumelelo ubungozi obuhlotshaniswa nokuthengisa okufushane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba amathuba okwenza inzuzo ngokusobala angenamkhawulo, leli su lokutshala imali alinazo izingozi, njengoba ukunyuka okukhulu kwenani lempahla eyisisekelo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni.
Ikakhulukazi, isihlokwana esithile ama-nuances ekusetheni izindawo ezimfishane zokwenziwa kungase kuhlanganise ukukhethwa kwentengo yesiteleka, okufanele ifanekisele intengo yamanje yemakethe yesibambiso. Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okwabiwe kufanele kuvumele isikhathi esanele sokuthi ukwehla kwentengo okulindelekile kwenzeke.
The wekhasi izidingo zalolu hlobo lokusetha futhi zingahluka phakathi brokers, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile traders ukuqonda kwabo brokerizidingo ezithile. Ngakho, ukwenza leli su kudinga ulwazi olwanele lwemakethe, amakhono obungozi kanye nokuphathwa kwemali, kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kokuphuma kokunye okusetshenzisiwe.
2.2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwengozi Nokuphatha Ezikhundleni Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa kungaba ithuluzi esesabekayo in the trader's arsenal, ehlinzeka ngothango ezimakethe eziwayo, ngisho namathuba okwenza inzuzo. Ngokuhambisana nalezi zinzuzo ezingaba khona, nokho, kunezingozi ezinkulu ezidinga ukuhlaziya okubanzi kokuphatha ukuze zizulazule ngempumelelo.
Ubungozi obuhlobene Nezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa kufaka phakathi ukuchayeka ekunyakazeni kwezimakethe kanye nengcuphe ye-liquidity. Ubungozi buvela ngenxa yokwenyuka kwentengo yempahla eyisisekelo, okwandisa izindleko zokuthenga kabusha impahla ukuze kuvalwe isikhundla. Ingozi ye-Liquidity, enye igebe evamile, ibonakala lapho imakethe intula abathengi abanele noma abathengisi ezingeni elithile lentengo, ngaleyo ndlela kube nzima traders ukwenza zabo trades ngempumelelo, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Lezi zingcuphe ezikhona zidinga indlela yamasu yokulawula ubungozi ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa ama-stop-loss orders kanye nokuqapha Ukukhishwa kwemakethe. Ukuqashwa a stop-ukulahlekelwa oda kuhlanganisa ukusetha ileveli yemakethe enqunywe kusengaphambili okuthi, uma isifinyelelwe, icuphe ukuthengiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesibambiso. Leli qhinga liqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa okukhawulelwe esimweni lapho impahla ihamba ngendlela engafanele.
Ukuqapha ukuntengantenga kwemakethe - enye ingxenye ebalulekile ethinta Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa. Ukuntengantenga kwezimakethe kubonisa izinga intengo yempahla ekhuphuka ngayo noma eyancipha ngayo ngeqoqo lembuyiselo. Ukungaguquguquki okuphezulu kusho ukuthi impahla ingase isakazwe phezu kwebanga elikhulu lamanani, ngakho, intengo yempahla ingashintsha kakhulu esikhathini esifushane kunoma iyiphi indlela. Izinkomba ezifana ne- Index ye-Volatility (VIX) ingasetshenziswa ukukala isimo semakethe nokwenza ukwaziswa trades.
Amathuluzi okuphatha ubungozi njengezinsimbi eziphuma kokunye zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ekulahlekeni okungaba khona. Okuphuma kokunye okufana nekusasa, izinketho nokushintshashintsha kungasusa ukulahlekelwa ezimpahleni eziyisisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze uhlobo oluthile lomshwalense ezimeni zemakethe ezinesiyaluyalu.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwengcuphe engaba khona, ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwama-stop-loss order, ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuntengantenga kwezimakethe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesu lokuphuma kokunye, traders inganqamula ngempumelelo ukungaqiniseki okuza Nezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa. Nokho, ngokuqhubekayo imfundo nokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nokushintsha kwamathrendi namasu kuhlala kuyinsika yokulawula ubungozi obusebenzayo.
3. Ukusebenzisa Izikhundla Ezimfushane Zokwenziwa Ezimweni Ezihlukile Zemakethe
Kokubili ukuntengantenga kwezimakethe nezinkolelo zabatshalizimali kuthonya ukusetshenziswa kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, isu lenketho ethuthukisiwe. Esimeni semakethe ye-bullish, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zingase zibonakale ziphikisana. Nokho, inikeza indlela esebenzayo yokubiyela ngokumelene nokwehla okungenzeka. Ngokubamba isikhathi eside kanye nocingo olufushane ngentengo efanayo yesiteleka nokuphelelwa yisikhathi, izikhundla zingavinjelwa ngokumelene nokuhlehla kwemakethe okungazelelwe. Lo “mshwalense” uza ngezindleko zokuyeka inzuzo ethile, kodwa ungase ube wusizo uma imakethe iwela kungazelelwe.
Izimo zemakethe ye-Bearish yakha ukulingana okunembile kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Lapha, umtshali-zimali olindele ukwehla okwengeziwe angathola inzuzo ekwehleni kwamanani ngaphandle kokudinga imali enkulu yokuqala. Ngokusebenzisa isikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa, inzuzo iyanda njengoba ukuphepha okuyisisekelo kuncipha.
Lapho ubhekene no-a imakethe eguquguqukayo, okuhlanganisa ukuma okufushane kokwenziwa kungathambisa imivimbo engase ibe khona kuphothifoliyo. Isikhundla abatshalizimali bangakha isikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa ngokumelene nezikhundla zabo ezinde ukunciphisa ubungozi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kusho ukunciphisa amathuba enzuzo, kuyindlela engokoqobo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi iphothifoliyo iyasinda ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu kwezimakethe.
Okokugcina, esitebeleni noma izimo zemakethe ezingathathi hlangothi, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zisabambe indawo yazo. Abatshalizimali abasola ukuphepha okuphezulu kakhulu bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ukuze bazuze ekulungisweni kwentengo okungaba khona ngaphandle kokunciphisa isitoko ngokuqondile, babasindise ekulahlekeni okungaba khona okungenamkhawulo uma kwenzeka intengo yesitoko yenyuka.
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ziboleka ekubeni ngamathuluzi aguquguqukayo ezindaweni ezihlukene zemakethe. Ngamasu aphusile kanye nomuzwa wemakethe oshisekayo, ziba izingxenye ezibalulekile zeqoqo lamathuluzi abatshali-zimali, ezilungele ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwephothifoliyo kanye nenzuzo kungakhathaliseki isimo semakethe.
3.1. Iqhaza Lezikhundla Ezimfushane Zokwenziwa Ezimakethe Zezinkunzi
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ngokuvamile kusebenza njengamaqhinga emvelo ezweni elineziyaluyalu zokuhweba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yezimakethe zezinkunzi. Imakethe yezinkunzi, ebonakala ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo nethemba labatshalizimali, ingase ibonakale isusa umbono wokuqalisa izikhundla ezimfushane. Kodwa-ke, kulapho ukukhanya kweqiniso kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kukhanya khona. Ukuthatha isikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa emakethe yezinkunzi kuhilela ukwakha isimo esilingisa ukushoda kwesitoko ngaphandle kwesu lendabuko lokuthengisa nokuthenga.
Isibonelo, umtshali-zimali angase enze isimo esifushane sokwenziwa ngokuthola inketho yokubeka isikhathi eside futhi athengise inketho yokushaya ucingo kuleyo mpahla eyisisekelo efanayo nokuphelelwa yisikhathi okufanayo. Lezi zinketho ezimbili zihlangana ukuze zilingise izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokuthengisa isikhashana isitoko sangempela. Ngokuphawulekayo, nakuba ukudayiswa okufushane kwendabuko kunenzuzo elinganiselwe engaba khona kanye nokulahlekelwa okungase kube nomkhawulo, isikhundla esifushane sokwenziwa, noma kunjalo, sinikeza inzuzo engenamkhawulo engaba nengozi echaziwe.
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zisebenzisa amandla azo eqiniso lapho kubhekene namabhamuza aqagelayo. Emakethe ye-bearish, izintengo zivame ukukhukhuleka kumanani angaphakathi, zidale amabhamuza otshalomali. Ngokuqala izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, traders ukunciphisa ubungozi ngenkathi igcina amandla enzuzo ephezulu. Nakuba imakethe yezinkunzi ingase iqale ibonakale ingahambisani namasu amafushane, indima ecashile yezikhundla zezikhindi zokwenziwa icacisa inani layo ngisho nalapho kubhekene nezintengo ezikhuphukayo.
3.2. Iqhaza Lezikhundla Ezimfushane Zokwenziwa Ezimakethe Zamabhele
Esimeni sokuhweba, Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa kuvela njengethuluzi lamasu ngesikhathi sezimakethe zamabhere. Akhiwe kusetshenziswa i-put ende kanye nocingo olufushane ngentengo efanayo yesiteleka, alingisa ukuma okufushane okuqondile esitokweni. Isisusa esiyinhloko ukusebenzisa izintengo zamasheya eziwayo ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo.
Ezimakethe zamabhere, ezibonakala ngesigaba eside sokuhla kwezintengo zesitoko, traders ithutheleka ngamathuluzi akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngothango noma ukunikeza inzuzo engaba khona. Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zisebenza kahle lapha, zinika amandla traders ukusebenzisa imizwa ye-bearish. Banikeza inzuzo engaba khona yokuzuza ngokuwa kwamanani entengo, ukubukisa iphethini yenzuzo yokuthengisa okufushane okungokwesiko.
Izikhundla ezinjalo ziyithuluzi elisebenzayo lothango phakathi nezigaba zemakethe ze-bearish. A trader, okulindeleke ukwehla kwevelu yesitoko esiphethwe, kungakha indawo emfushane yokwenziwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukhiya intengo yemakethe yamanje yesitoko esizothengiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela evikela ekwehleni okungenzeka kwentengo yesitoko. Ilingana nedijithali yenqubomgomo yomshwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kwesitoko.
Kodwa-ke, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa azikho ngaphandle kwengozi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinketho kusho ukuthi ukubola kwesikhathi kanye noshintsho ekuguquguqukeni okushiwo kungase kuthinte isikhundla. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nemfuneko yokuba nemali eyanele noma imajini yokuthenga izitoko ezihambisanayo uma yabelwe, kwengeza ebunkimbinkimbi bayo.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, ukuhambisana kwezikhundla ezimfishane zokwenziwa ezimakethe zamabhere kusasele tradeikhono lika-r lokuzuza ngezintengo ezehlayo. Ngenkathi uqinisekisa ithuluzi lokubiyela, lezi zikhundla zinikeza isikhangisovantage yembuyiselo engaba namandla, encike esikhathini esikahle trades kanye nokuqaliswa kwecebo lika-canny.
4. Umthelela Wezimiso Ezikhundleni Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izinhlaka zokulawula ingaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo ekusebenzeni kanye nenzuzo yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Izindikimba ezilawulayo, njenge Iziphathimandla Zokuziphatha Kwezinsizakalo Zezezimali eNingizimu Afrika, ibhekisisa yonke imisebenzi yezezimali ukuze kuvikelwe izintshisekelo zabatshalizimali kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezimakethe.
Umthelela wale mithethonqubo ezikhundleni ezimfishane zokwenziwa kungaba kokubili okuhle nokubi. Mayelana nemiphumela emihle, imithethonqubo inganikeza inkundla yokudlala ngokunciphisa ithuba lokukhohlisa imakethe kanye nokukhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala. Bangaphinda bathuthukise ukuvikeleka kwabatshalizimali ngokudinga ukudalulwa okugcwele kwezingozi ezihilelekile kanye nemivuzo engaba khona.
Nokho, imithethonqubo ingase futhi yethule imikhawulo emikhulu nemithwalo. Isibonelo, izimfuneko eziqinile zokudalula zingavimbela ukwenziwa ngesikhathi kwamasu amafushane okwenziwa. Imithetho ingase futhi ikhawulele ukutholakala kwamathuluzi ezezimali adingekayo (Isibonelo ETFs), ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ikhono le traders ukusungula izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa.
Izimfuneko zemali engeziwe esethwe iziphathimandla ezilawulayo esinye isici esingaba nomthelela ezikhundleni ezimfishane zokwenziwa. Lokhu kungenza ukufaka izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kubize kakhulu, okungase kuvimbe abatshalizimali abancane noma traders nesabelomali esinemikhawulo.
Okubalulekile, umthelela wemithethonqubo ungahluka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngakho, kubaluleke kakhulu traders ukuqonda kahle isimo sezwe sokulawula esikhona lapho zisebenza khona ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yiziphi izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Esigabeni esisheshayo, esiyingozi kakhulu sokuhweba ngezimali, ukungalungiseki noma ukungazi lutho kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Compliance ihlala iyisici esibalulekile ekuhwebeni kwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu traders ukuqapha njalo izinguquko zemithetho futhi baguqule amasu abo ngokufanele ukuze balondoloze inzuzo ngenkathi behlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho. Ukuziba noma ukungaqondi kahle izidingo zokulawula kungaholela ezijezisweni ezinkulu noma ngisho nokuvinjelwa ekuhwebeni.
Ukuzulazula ku-landscape yokulawula kungase kube nzima, kodwa kuyingxenye edingekayo yokuhweba okuphumelelayo. Ukusebenza nabeluleki abanolwazi, ukuhlala unolwazi olusha mayelana nezinguquko esimweni sokulawula, kanye nokuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kwemithetho ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuhweba kungahamba ibanga elide ekusizeni traders ukuphatha umthelela wemithethonqubo ezikhundleni zabo ezimfishane zokwenziwa ngempumelelo.
4.1. Imibono Elawulayo Ezikhundleni Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Imibono yokulawula iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqondeni uhlobo lwezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Abalawuli, njenge-Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) eNingizimu Afrika, banikeza umbono ohlukile ngalezi zindlela zezimali eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Imithetho kanye nezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa: Nakuba zingalawulwa kakhulu njengokudayiswa okufushane kwendabuko, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zingaphansi kwemithetho yezezimali. Imithethonqubo ye-Securities lending and borrowing (SLB) ilawula le misebenzi lapho traders ihlose ukuzuza ekwehleni kwentengo okulindelekile.
Abalawuli bahlose ukuvikela ukulunga nokungafihli kwemakethe, banciphise ubungozi obuhambisana nokuhweba okukhohlisayo. Enye indlela abenza ngayo lokhu iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abathengisi ababandakanyekayo ekuthengiseni okufushane kokwenziwa bathobela izinkombandlela zokubika eziqinile, ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kwemakethe.
Ukutholakala kolwazi: Ukufinyelela komphakathi kulwazi olunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke trader uyakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Umgomo uwukukhuthaza ukulunga nokunciphisa ubungozi bokukhohlisa ezimakethe zezimali. Umuntu kufanele aqonde le mibono yokulawula ukuze aqinisekise ukuthobela lapho ehileleka ekufinyezweni kokwenziwa.
Ukugcinwa kwemithetho: Tradeabangalandeli imithethonqubo ebekiwe bangabhekana nezijeziso ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, wonke trader kufanele aqaphele ngokugcwele ukuma kokulawula kanye nemithetho mayelana nezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa.
Imicabango yokugcina: Ekugcineni, imibono yokulawula yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa igcizelela isimo sokuthi nakuba lawa angaba amathuluzi azuzisayo kubatshalizimali abanolwazi, kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuzibophezela nangokusobala, ngokuqondwa okuphelele kwezingozi ezingaba khona ezihilelekile.
4.2. Izisekelo zokuthobela ze Traders
Izisekelo zokuthobela ze Traders isalokhu iyingxenye ebucayi yezwe lokuhweba, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangena kumasu ayinkimbinkimbi, njengezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Ukubonakala nokubambelela ezimisweni zokuthobelana kudala izinga lobuqotho elisiza ukwakha ukwethembana nabalawuli, amakhasimende, nontanga bemakethe.
Ukubamba ama-nuances wemithethonqubo yokuthengisa emifushane, ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile. Nakuba izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zingase zibonakale zifana nezibambiso ezithengisayo ezimfushane, kunomehluko ohlukile ngempela odinga izindlela ezihlukile mayelana nokuthobela imithetho. Akuvamile ukuba traders ukungaphumeleli ezimisweni zokulawula ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle lo mehluko ocashile.
Ukudayisa Okufushane Naked Ukuqhathanisa Ukuthengisa Okufushane ngokuvamile kungaholela ekudidekeni. TradeKumele baqonde ukuthi nakuba ukuthengisa okufushane kubandakanya ukuboleka izibambiso ukuze uzithengise, ngethemba lokuzithenga futhi ngentengo ephansi, ukuthengisa okufushane nqunu kwenzeka lapho trader uthengisa izibambiso ngaphandle kokuboleka. Lokhu kwakamuva ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengesu eliyingozi futhi elivame ukungathobeli ngaphansi kwezinhlaka eziningi zokulawula.
Traders kanye neqhaza lika Broker-Abathengisi zibalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuhweba. Brokers isebenze njengabalamuli phakathi traders kanye nemakethe yezibambiso. Ukubhekana nomuntu ohloniphekile futhi olawulwa kahle broker kubalulekile ukugwema ukwephulwa komthetho okungenzeka. Banganikeza izincazelo mayelana nezidingo zokulawula zokwenza izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa futhi basize ukucacisa imigqa ukuthi ingaweli.
Amadokhumenti kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi
isebenza njengomgogodla wokuthobela imithetho. Izindikimba ezilawulayo zidinga brokerukugcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yakho konke okwenziwayo, umthetho obaluleke ngokulinganayo kuwo traders. Ngesikhathi sezingxabano noma ukucwaninga, imibhalo enembile ingaba usizo ekuboniseni inkuthalo efanele kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.
Ukuqonda lezi zisekelo zokuthobela kunganikeza isipiliyoni sokuhweba esicindezela kancane futhi kuvikele a tradeIzintshisekelo zika-r emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Ukuwafaka kumasu okuhweba kuqinisekisa traders ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemigudu yezomthetho futhi alandele izinqubo zokuziphatha. Ukusebenza ngale mihlahlandlela kukhuthaza ubuqotho bemakethe, kugcina iziphathimandla zanelisekile, futhi kuthuthukisa umuzwa wamakhasimende.
5. Isikhangisovantages kanye ne-Disadvantages of Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Uma ungena endaweni yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, umuntu akakwazi ukushalazela inqwaba yobuhle nobubi obuxhumene nemvelo yayo. Ukuhlola kahle amasu anjalo ezezimali, incazelo yakho kokubili advantages futhi sadvantages amawaranti afanele ukunakwa ngamakhono traders.
Advantages of Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Ukuvumelana nezimo ikhanya njengesikhangiso esiphezuluvantage yezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Ivumela a trader ukushintsha amasu okutshala imali ngaphandle kokushintsha isitoko esiyisisekelo. Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa nazo ziyakwazi ukukhokhela
Inzuzo Yokwehliswa Kwentengo. Ngokungafani nobunikazi besitoko obuvamile lapho kuzuzwa khona ukuzuza kwezimali, inzuzo itholwa ngokwehla kwenani lesitoko. Engeza i-'Leveraging' ohlwini lwayo lwezinzuzo - izikhindi zokwenziwa zingavulwa ngemali encane uma kuqhathaniswa nendali emfishane evamile.
Khubazavantages of Izikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Kodwa-ke, isondo elijikelezayo lamasu emakethe alipakishwe ngesikhangiso kuphelavantages. Ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka ngenxa ye- I-Spike Engalindelekile ngentengo yesitoko kubeka engcupheni enkulu traders. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwentengo kungazelelwe kungakhuphula ngokungafanele izindleko zokuthenga kabusha amasheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cindezela iDemo izimo zingase zibe nomthelela omkhulu lapho amanani entengo eshesha enyuka kungazelelwe, ecindezela abathengisi abafushane ukuthi bakhave izikhundla zabo ngamanani aphezulu. A Ukubiza kweMargin kungolunye usongo olusebenzayo - ukufunwa a brokeriminyaka a trader ukufaka enye imali noma izibambiso ukuze kukhokhelwe ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka.
Empeleni, ngenkathi izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zinikeza enye indlela yokuzuza ezimakethe eziwohlokayo ezinamandla amakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okunengqondo, ziza zigcwele izingozi zokwenyuka kwamanani okungalindelekile, izingcingo ze-margin kanye nokuminyanisa okufushane. Lokhu kulinganisela kwamasu kuyancenga traders ukuhlaziya isimo kanye nensiza hhayi nje izinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo kodwa namaqhinga okuzivikela.
5.1. Izinzuzo Zezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ziyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lazo zonke trader iphothifoliyo. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zikhundla yikhono labo loku ubungozi bothango ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo. Ngokuhlela amasu nokusebenzisa izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, traders bangavikela izikhundla zabo ezinde ekwehleni okungenzeka kwemakethe.
Esinye isikhangiso esibucayivantage ezihambisana zokwenziwa izikhundla iDemo kuyinto izinzuzo eziphezulu ezingaba khona. Uma kubikezelwe kahle, ukwehla kwezintengo zesitoko kungaholela enzuzweni enkulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imivuzo engenzeka njalo iza nengozi eyengeziwe, nokulahlekelwa trades kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Izidingo zemali ephansi yenza izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zibe yisinqumo esikhangayo sokuvelela traders. Ngokungafani nokuthengisa okufushane okuqondile, okudinga inani elikhulu lemali ngaphambili, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zinezithiyo zokungena eziphansi.
Ukwengeza, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zinikeza ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi. Izikhundla ezimfushane zivame ukuhambisana nesikhathi, okusho ukuthi umuntu angasetha izinketho kunkontileka ukuze iphelelwe yisikhathi ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Lokhu kunikeza traders ithuba lokulinda isikhathi eside ulindele ukwehla kwentengo.
Okokugcina, izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zivumela traders ongazuza kuyo amasheya okunzima ukuwaboleka. Ukuthengisa okufushane ngokomzimba kudinga i trader ukuboleka amasheya, okungase kube yinselele kwesinye isikhathi. Ngezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, tradeI-rs ingadala umphumela ofanayo ngaphandle kokuba nesitoko. Lokhu kuvula imikhakha emisha yamathuba okuhweba okungenzeka ukuthi abengafinyeleleki ngenye indlela. Kungakho izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa zithakaselwa ngabaningi asebekhulile traders.
5.2. Izinselele Zezikhundla Ezifushane Zokwenziwa
Izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa inikeze abatshalizimali ikhono elingase libe khona lokuzuza ekwehleni kwenani lempahla ngaphandle kokuthi badayise impahla ifushane. Nokho, leli su alinazo izinselelo. Okukodwa okuyinhloko okukhathazayo yizinga lemvelo le ingozi abathintekayo ekubambeni isikhundla esinjalo. Izimo zemakethe zingashintsha ngokushesha, futhi ukunyakaza kwentengo okungalungile kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
The izindleko zokusungula ukuma okufushane kokwenziwa kungenye inselele ebhekene nayo traders. Ngokuvamile, kuhilela inqubo ebizayo yokuthenga izinketho zokubeka nokuthengisa izinketho zezingcingo. Traders ngaphandle kwemali ebalulekile yokuhweba ingase ithole lezi zindleko zinqatshelwe, ngokuvamile zikhawulela leli su kubatshalizimali abanolwazi olunzulu.
Ubunkimbinkimbi be ukuqonda nokuphatha izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa kungase futhi kubangele inselele enkulu. Leli su lidinga ukuqonda okuphelele kohwebo lwezinketho kanye neso elibukhali lokulandelela intuthuko yemakethe - izici ezingase zivimbe abasha abaningi. traders.
Inselele evame ukunganakwa yile ubungozi bokulawula abathintekayo kulokhu kuthengiselana. Izindikimba ezilawulayo zingabuyekeza imihlahlandlela noma imithetho yentela ethinta izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa, okuholela ezindlekweni ezingalindelekile noma ubunzima bezomthetho traders.
Ubungozi boketshezi kungenye inselele ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe. Traders kumele bahlale bazi ukuthi, nakuba bengase bafune ukuphuma esikhundleni, kungase kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabahlanganyeli bemakethe abazimisele ukuthatha olunye uhlangothi lwe trade.
Ekugcineni, traders kufanele wazi ingozi yomunye lapho usebenzisa izikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa. Le ngcuphe ibhekisela emandleni okuthi ingxenye ekolunye uhlangothi lwenkontileka ibe yiphutha, okungenzeka ukuthi kuholele ekulahlekeni kokutshalwa kwezimali.
Lezi zinselelo zigcizelela isidingo salokho traders ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe olubanzi, ukusebenzisa amasu aqinile okulawula ubungozi, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi baqonda ngokugcwele ubunkimbinkimbi bezikhundla ezimfushane zokwenziwa ngaphambi kokungena kuleyo mizamo.
