1. Uhlolojikelele Lwenkomba Yokububula
1.1. Ziyini izinkomba?
Emkhakheni oyinkimbinkimbi wezezimali nezomnotho, izinkomba isebenza njengamathuluzi abalulekile ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusebenzeni, ezempilo, kanye neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zezomnotho nezimakethe zezimali. Lezi zinkomba, kusukela Ezomnotho kuya zezimali amamethrikhi, ababambiqhaza bosizo—kusuka kubakhi benqubomgomo kuya kubatshalizimali—bathathe izinqumo ezinolwazi. Izinkomba zomnotho, ngokwesibonelo, zingaveza impilo yonke yomnotho, kuyilapho izinkomba zezimali zingagxila kancane kuzitayela zemakethe noma ukusebenza kwenkampani.
1.2. Yiziphi Izinkomba Ezisalele
Izinkomba zokugaya ziwumkhakha othize wezinkomba ezigqamayo ngesici sazo sokuqinisekisa kunokubikezela amathrendi. Ngokungafani nozakwabo ababikezelayo, izinkomba ezisalele emuva zinikeza umbono wokubuyela emuva, okuzenza zibe usizo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni amaphethini namathrendi asevele enyakaza. Ngokuvamile zibhekwa ngokulandela izinguquko ezibalulekile zezomnotho, ezisebenza njengethuluzi lokuqinisekisa labahlaziyi kanye nabenzi bezinqumo.
1.3. Kungani Zibalulekile
Ukubaluleka kwezinkomba ezisalele emuva kusekwazini kwazo ukunikeza isithombe esicacile sempilo yezomnotho nezezimali ngemuva kokwenzeka kwezinguquko. Ngokuhlaziya lezi zinkomba, ochwepheshe bangaqonda kangcono ukusebenza kwezinqumo nezinqubomgomo ezedlule, bazise ikusasa amasu kanye nokulungiswa. Le ndlela yokubheka emuva ibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okuphelele kwemijikelezo yezomnotho kanye nomnyakazo wezimakethe.
| kwesigaba | Focus |
|---|---|
| Ziyini izinkomba? | Uhlolojikelele lwezinkomba zezomnotho nezezimali |
| Faka I-Lagging Indicators | Isingeniso sezinkomba ezisalele emuva nezici zazo |
| Kungani Zibalulekile | Inani lezinkomba ezisalele emuva ekuhlaziyeni |
| Umhlahlandlela Wakho | Inhloso yokuthunyelwe |
2. Ukwembula Izinkomba Ezisalele
Izinkomba zokugaya yizibalo ezilandela umcimbi wezomnotho. Ziyashintsha ngemuva kokuthi umnotho usuwonke usuqalile ukulandela inkambiso ethile. Lezi zinkomba zibalulekile ngekhono lazo lokunikeza ubufakazi bezitayela zesikhathi eside kanye nemiphumela yemisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, i izinga lokungasebenzi futhi Ukukhula kwe-GDP ziyizinkomba zokusalela kahle kwe-quintessential. Izinga lokungasebenzi lithanda ukwehla ngemuva kokuthi umnotho usuqalile ukusimama. Ngokufanayo, izibalo zokukhula kwe-GDP zikhishwa ngemva kokuphela kwekota, okuhlinzeka ngombono obheke emuva ekusebenzeni komnotho.
2.1. Iyini i-Time Lag
Umqondo "wesikhathi sokuphumula" ubalulekile ekuqondeni izinkomba zokusalela. Lokhu kubambezeleka isikhathi esiphakathi kokwenzeka kwangempela kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nesikhathi lapho umthelela wayo ubonwa khona ezinkomba. Isibonelo, izinguquko kuzinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi zibonisa izinqumo nezinguquko emnothweni ezenzeke ezinyangeni ezedlule. Lokhu kubambezeleka kwenza izinkomba ezisalibele zingabi wusizo kangako ekubikezeleni izitayela zesikhathi esizayo kodwa zibe yigugu ekuqinisekiseni nasekuqondeni ezedlule.
2.2. Akuzona Zonke Izinkomba Ezidalwe Ngokulinganayo:
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izinkomba ezisalele kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo, njenge izinkomba eziholayo futhi izinkomba eziqondane. Izinkomba ezihamba phambili, njengembuyiselo yemakethe yamasheya kanye nezimvume ezintsha zezindlu, zinikeza ukubona kusengaphambili ukuthi umnotho noma izimakethe zingaphokophela kuphi. Izinkomba eziziqondane nje, njengokuthengiswa kwezitolo nemali engenayo yomuntu siqu, zishintsha cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nomnotho noma umjikelezo webhizinisi, zinikeza isifinyezo samanje. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusemqoka ekusebenziseni uhlobo ngalunye lwenkomba ngempumelelo ekuhlaziyeni umnotho nezezimali.
| Isigaba | Okuqukethwe |
|---|---|
| Incazelo | Incazelo yezinkomba ezisalele emuva ngezibonelo ezifana nezinga lokungasebenzi kanye nokukhula kwe-GDP |
| I-Time Lag Yachazwa | Ingxoxo ngokubambezeleka phakathi komsebenzi wezomnotho kanye nokubonakala kwawo ezinkomba zokusalela emuva |
| Akuzona Zonke Izinkomba Ezidalwe Ngokulinganayo | Umehluko phakathi kwezinkomba ezisalele emuva, eziholayo neziziqondane |
3. Ukubhekisisa Izinkomba Zokushesha Okubalulekile
3.1. Izinkomba Zezomnotho:
3.1.1. Izinga Lokungasebenzi:
- Ukuqonda imethrikhi nokubaluleka kwayo. Izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi lilinganisa iphesenti labasebenzi abangenamsebenzi nabafuna umsebenzi. Kuyinkomba ebalulekile yezempilo yezomnotho, ekhombisa ukutholakala kwemisebenzi kanye nezinga lemisebenzi yezomnotho. Izinga elikhulayo labangasebenzi livame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka komnotho, kuyilapho ukwehla kwezinga libonisa ukukhula komnotho nempilo.
- Iwaqinisekisa kanjani amandla ezomnotho (esalele). Njengoba izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokuvamile lehla ngemva kokuba umnotho usuqalile ukusimama, lisebenza njengesiqinisekiso samandla noma ukusimama komnotho. Abaqashi bangase bangabaze ukuqasha kuze kube yilapho beqiniseka ngesiqondiso somnotho, okwenza izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi libe yinkomba ephansi yempilo yezomnotho.
3.1.2. Ukukhula Komkhiqizo Wasekhaya (GDP):
- Ukuchaza i-GDP nokubaluleka kwayo. I-GDP imelela inani lemakethe eliphelele lazo zonke izimpahla namasevisi wokugcina akhiqizwa ezweni ngesikhathi esithile. Kuyisilinganiso esibanzi somkhiqizo wasekhaya wonkana kanye nenkomba ebalulekile yezempilo yezomnotho.
- Ihlinzeka kanjani ngemininingwane yokusebenza yomlando (ukusalela). Izibalo zokukhula kwe-GDP, okubikwe njalo ngekota, zibonisa imisebenzi yezomnotho edlule. Ukukhula kwe-GDP kubonisa ukukhula komnotho nokuchuma, kuyilapho ukwehla kwe-GDP kubonisa ukwehla. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zibalo ziyahlanganiswa futhi zibikwe ngemuva kweqiniso, zithathwa njengezinkomba ezisalele emuva, eziqinisekisa isiqondiso somnotho ngemuva kokwenzeka kwezinguquko.
3.1.3. Inkomba Yentengo Yabathengi (CPI):
- echaza ukwehla kwamandla emali aqondene kanye nesilinganiso sayo nge-CPI. I-CPI ikala uguquko olumaphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emananini akhokhelwa abathengi basemadolobheni ngobhasikidi wemakethe wezimpahla namasevisi abathengi. Ingenye yezinkomba ezibhekwe kakhulu zokwehla kwamandla emali, ekhombisa izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila.
- I-CPI iqinisekisa kanjani izinguquko ezedlule emandleni okuthenga (ukusalela emuva). Idatha ye-CPI ikhishwa nyanga zonke kodwa ikhombisa izinguquko zentengo osezenzekile, okuyenza ibe inkomba yokusalela yemikhuba yokwehla kwamandla emali namandla okuthenga.
3.1.4. Ukudayisa:
- Ukulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwabathengi kanye nomthelela wako kwezomnotho. Izitolo ezithengisayo zilandelela isamba samarisidi ezitolo ezithengisa okuthengiswayo ngokuqondile kubathengi. Kuyisilinganiso esiqondile sokuziphatha kwezindleko zabathengi kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wezomnotho.
- Ukuthi ukuthengisa kwezitolo kuwuqinisekisa kanjani umsebenzi wezomnotho owedlule (ukusalela emuva). Izinguquko ezibalweni zokuthengiswa kwezitolo zilandela izinguquko ekuthembekeni kwabathengi nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali, okubuye kuncike ezimeni zezomnotho ezibanzi. Kanjalo, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo kuthathwa njengenkomba yokusalela emuva, eqinisekisa amaphethini okuziphatha kwabathengi ngemuva kokuthi kwenzekile.
3.2. Izinkomba Zezezimali:
3.2.1. Ukusebenza Kwemakethe Yamasheya:
- Ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kwezimakethe zamasheya kumizwa yabatshalizimali kanye nenzuzo yenkampani. Ukusebenza kwezimakethe zamasheya ngokuvamile kubonisa okulindelwe yiqoqo labatshalizimali mayelana nezinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo kanye nempilo yomnotho. Kodwa-ke, amathrendi emakethe nawo angasabela ezenzakalweni zangaphambilini kanye nemibiko yemali engenayo, iyenze inhlanganisela yezinto eziholayo nezisilelayo.
- Ukuthi ukusebenza kwesikhathi esidlule kubonakala kanjani kuzitayela zezimakethe zamasheya (ukusalela emuva). Nakuba imakethe yamasheya ingase ibheke phambili, iphinde ilungise ngokusekelwe emibikweni yemali engenayo yangempela kanye nedatha yezomnotho, okuyizinkomba zokusalela emuva. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwangaphambilini, uma sekuqinisekisiwe, kungathonya izitayela zamanje zemakethe.
3.2.2. Izinzuzo Zebhizinisi:
- Ukubaluleka kwenzuzo ezinkampanini nakubatshalizimali. Izinzuzo zebhizinisi, noma isamba semali engenayo, zibonisa inzuzo yezinkampani futhi zibalulekile kubatshalizimali abahlola impilo yezezimali yenkampani namandla okukhula.
- Izinzuzo zezinkampani ziqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza kwebhizinisi okwedlule (ukusalela). Imibiko yezinzuzo ikhishwa njalo ngekota futhi ibonisa ukusebenza kwangaphambilini. Ziyizinkomba ezisalele emuva, ezihlinzeka ngombono wokubuyela emuva wempilo yenkampani yezezimali nokusebenza kahle.
3.2.3. Amanani enzalo:
- Ukuqonda indima yezilinganiso zenzalo kunqubomgomo yezimali nezimo zomnotho. Izilinganiso zenzalo, ezibekwe amabhange amakhulu, zinethonya ezindlekweni zokuboleka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali. Ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko lenqubomgomo yezimali, ezithinta umsebenzi wezomnotho.
- Ukuthi izilinganiso zenzalo zikhombisa kanjani izinqumo zenqubomgomo kanye nesimo sezomnotho (esilele emuva). Ukulungiswa kwezinga lenzalo kuyizimpendulo ezimweni zomnotho kanye nezingcindezi zokwehla kwamandla emali eziye zabonwa. Ziyizinkomba ezisalele emuva ngenxa yokuthi zisekelwe kudatha yezomnotho edlule.
3.2.4. Amazinga esikweletu:
- Ukuhlola isikweletu esisilele kanye nemithelela yaso. Amazinga esikweletu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphakathi noma wezinkampani, abonisa inani lokuboleka futhi abalulekile ekuhloleni ukuzinza kwezezimali.
- Amazinga esikweletu aqinisekisa kanjani ukuboleka nokusebenzisa imali okwedlule (ukusalela). Amazinga esikweletu akhuphukayo noma ahlayo abonisa izinqubomgomo zezezimali zesikhathi esidlule kanye nemikhuba yokusebenzisa imali. Ngakho-ke, ziyizinkomba zokusalela emuva, ezinikeza imininingwane mayelana nokuboleka nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwangaphambilini.
3.3. Izinkomba Zebhizinisi:
3.3.1. Ukwaneliseka Kwekhasimende:
- Ukubaluleka kolwazi lwekhasimende kanye nesilinganiso salo. Ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende kukala ukuthi imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ahlinzekwa yinkampani ahlangabezana kanjani noma adlule okulindeleke kumakhasimende. Kuyinkomba yokusebenza ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi futhi ibalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana.
- Ukuthi ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende kuqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza kwangaphambilini (ukusalela emuva). Izinhlolovo nezindlela zempendulo zibamba ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende ngemva kokwenzeka kwemisebenzi, okuyenza ibe inkomba ebambekayo yekhwalithi yesevisi nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
3.3.2. Ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi:
- Ukuqonda ukuzinza kwabasebenzi kanye nomthelela wako. Inzuzo yabasebenzi isho izinga abasebenzi abashiya ngalo inkampani bese beshintshwa. Inzuzo ephezulu ingabonisa ukunganeliseki kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
- Ukuthi inzuzo yabasebenzi iqinisekisa kanjani izinqubo zokuphatha ezedlule (ukusalela). Izinga lokushintshwa likhombisa izinqumo zokuphatha zesikhathi esidlule kanye nesiko lenhlangano, ezibeka njengezinkomba zokusalela kokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi kanye nempilo yenhlangano.
3.3.3. Amazinga we-Inventory:
- Ukuhlola isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-inventory nokuthengisa/ukukhiqiza. Amaleveli we-Inventory isilinganiso sezimpahla ezingadayiswa inkampani ephethe. Lawa mazinga angakhombisa ibhalansi phakathi kokuhlinzeka nokufunwa.
- Amazinga we-inventory aqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain yesikhathi esidlule (ukusalela). Ukulungiswa kwamaleveli okufakwayo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuthengisa nezibikezelo zokukhiqiza, ezisekelwe ngokwemvelo ekusebenzeni kwangaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, amazinga e-inventory ayizinkomba zokusalela kwesidingo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain.
3.3.4. Izilinganiso Zenzuzo:
- Ukwembula amamethrikhi ezezimali angukhiye wezempilo yenkampani. Izilinganiso zenzuzo, njengenzuzo yonke wekhasi, ukubuyisela ezimpahleni, kanye nembuyiselo ekulinganeni, kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane emandleni enkampani okukhiqiza izinzuzo ngokuhlobene nemali engenayo, izimpahla, nokulingana.
- Izilinganiso zenzuzo ziqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesikhathi esidlule (ukusalela). Lezi zilinganiso zibalwa ngokusekelwe kudatha yomlando yezezimali, okuzenza zibe izinkomba ezisalela emuva zezempilo yenkampani yezezimali nokusebenza kahle.
| Isigaba | inkomba | Indlela Eqinisekisa Ngayo Ukusebenza Okwedlule |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | izinga labangasebenzi | Iqinisekisa amandla ezomnotho noma ubuthakathaka |
| Ukukhula Kwe-GDP | Ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusebenzeni komnotho komlando | |
| Inkomba Yamanani Abathengi (CPI) | Iqinisekisa izinguquko ezedlule emandleni okuthenga | |
| Sales nokudayisa | Ibonisa ukuziphatha komthengi okwedlule | |
| lwezezimali | Ukusebenza Kwemakethe Yamasheya | Ibonisa izinguquko ezisekelwe emalini edlule nedatha yezomnotho |
| Imali etholwayo | Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhizinisi okwedlule | |
| Izithakazelo Amanani | Bonisa izinqumo zenqubomgomo kanye nesimo sezomnotho esidlule | |
| Amazinga Ezikweletu | Khomba izitayela zangaphambilini zokuboleka nokusebenzisa imali | |
| Business | Ukwaneliseka Kwekhasimende | Iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesevisi yangaphambilini nokusebenza komkhiqizo |
| Inzuzo yabasebenzi | Ibonisa izinqubo zokuphatha ezedlule | |
| Amazinga Wokusungula | Bonisa isidingo sangaphambilini nokusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain | |
| Izilinganiso Zenzuzo | Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesikhathi esidlule |
4. Ungazisebenzisa Kanjani Izinkomba Zokushesha
Izinkomba ezisalele emuva, ezinekhono lazo eliyingqayizivele lokuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthambekela kwezomnotho nezezimali ngemuva kweqiniso, zibamba inani elibalulekile kukho kokubili ukuhlaziya komnotho omkhulu kanye namasu ebhizinisi ngalinye. Ukuqonda ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani lezi zinkomba ngempumelelo kungathuthukisa izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo, ukuhlela amasu, nokuhlolwa kokusebenza.
4.1. Ukuqinisekisa nokuhlola Amathrendi:
Enye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokusebenzisa izinkomba zokusalela emuva kusekuqinisekisweni kwezitayela ezikhonjwa izinkomba ezihamba phambili. Ngokuhlanganisa zombili izinhlobo zedatha, abahlaziyi kanye nabenzi bezinqumo bangathola umbono obanzi wokwakheka kwezomnotho. Isibonelo, inkomba ehamba phambili ingase iphakamise ukwehla okuzayo, kodwa ukwehla okuboniswa ezinkomba zokusalela kahle ezifana nezinga lokukhula kwe-GDP kanye nezibalo zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi eziqinisekisa ukuthambekela. Le ndlela embaxambili inika amandla ukuhlolwa okuzethemba okwengeziwe kwezimo zamanje nezikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo.
4.2. Ukuhlola Amaphethini Adlule:
Izinkomba ezisalele emuva zinikeza ilensi ecacile lapho kungahlolwa khona imiphumela yezenzo nezinqubomgomo zesikhathi esidlule. Emabhizinisini, ukuhlaziya amashifu ekwanelisekeni kwekhasimende noma izinguquko ezilinganisweni zenzuzo kunganikeza ukukhanya empumelelweni yezinqumo zangaphambili zokuphatha noma amasu emakethe. Kubenzi benqubomgomo, ukuhlola izitayela kumazinga okungasebenzi noma ukukhula kwe-GDP kungasiza ekunqumeni umthelela wezinqubomgomo zezimali nezezimali.
4.3. Ukuhlonza Izindawo Zokuthuthukiswa:
Ubunjalo bezinkomba ezisalele emuva bubenza babe amathuluzi abalulekile okuhlonza izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Ngokuhlola lapho amamethrikhi okusebenza engafinyeleli khona okulindelekile, izinhlangano nezomnotho zingakhomba izindawo ezithile zokulungiswa kwamasu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, njengoba kusikiselwa izilinganiso zenzuzo, noma ukubhekana nokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi, okuboniswa amazinga okushintshwa kwabasebenzi, izinkomba ezisabele ziqondisa ukuthuthukiswa okuhlosiwe.
4.4. Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezizayo Ezinolwazi:
Nakuba izinkomba ezisalele emuva zingabikezeli izitayela zesikhathi esizayo, imininingwane etholakala ekuhlaziyeni kwazo ibalulekile ekubumbeni amasu esikhathi esizayo. Ukuqonda imiphumela yezenzo ezedlule kuvumela amabhizinisi nabakhi benqubomgomo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluningi ngokuya phambili. Isibonelo, uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-CPI kukhombisa ukuthi izingcindezi zokwehla kwamandla emali bezibukelwa phansi ngaphambilini, inqubomgomo yezimali yesikhathi esizayo ingalungiswa ngokufanele.
| Sebenzisa Icala | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqinisekisa Nokuhlola Amathrendi | Ukuhlanganisa ukusalela emuva nezinkomba ezihamba phambili zokuhlaziywa kwethrendi okuphelele |
| Ukuhlola Izenzo Zangaphambilini | Ukusebenzisa izinkomba ezisalele emuva ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamasu angaphambilini |
| Ukuhlonza Izindawo Zokuthuthukiswa | Ukuhlaziya izinkomba ezisalele emuva ukukhomba izindawo ezidinga ukulungiswa kwamasu |
| Ukwenza Izinqumo Zesikhathi Esizayo Ezinolwazi | Ukusebenzisa ukuqonda kusuka ezinkomba ezisalele ukwazisa amasu esikhathi esizayo |
5. Imikhawulo okufanele icatshangelwe
Nakuba izinkomba ezisalele emuva zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izitayela nokuhlola ukusebenza kwesikhathi esidlule, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukulinganiselwa kwazo. Ukuqonda lezi zingqinamba kubalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okunembile nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngempumelelo.
5.1. I-Hindsight Bias:
Omunye wemikhawulo eyinhloko yezinkomba ezisalele emuva uhlobo lwazo lwemvelo lokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngemuva kweqiniso, okungaholela ekubhekeni emuva. Lokhu kuchema kungenza izehlakalo zesikhathi esidlule zibonakale zibikezeleka kakhulu kunalokho ezaziyikho, okungase kuhlanekezele izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zesikhathi esizayo. Abahlaziyi kanye nabenzi bezinqumo kufanele baqaphele ukuze bangaqinisi ngokweqile ukubikezelwa kwemicimbi yezomnotho neyezezimali ngokusekelwe kumathrendi adlule.
5.2. Izici Zangaphandle:
Izinkomba zokusalela emuva zingase zibe sengozini yokuba nomthelela wezinto zangaphandle, njengokushaqeka kwezomnotho okungazelelwe noma izinguquko ezingalindelekile zenqubomgomo, ezingashintsha amathrendi omlando futhi zenze idatha yesikhathi esidlule ifaneleke kangako ekuhlaziyeni okuzayo. Isimo esiguquguqukayo sezomnotho nezimakethe sisho ukuthi ukuthembela ezinkomba ezisalela emuva kuphela, ngaphandle kokucabangela amathuba okuba nezinguquko ezisheshayo, kungaholela eziphethweni ezingaqondile.
5.3. Ukunemba Kwedatha Nokutolikwa:
Ukunemba kwezinkomba ezisalele emuva kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yedatha eqoqwe kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekubaleni kwazo. Amaphutha ekuqoqweni kwedatha noma ekuchazeni kungaholela eziphethweni ezingalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umongo lapho lezi zinkomba zihlaziywa khona zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlobaneni kwazo nasekuthembekeni kwazo. Ukuchazwa ngokungeyikho kwezinkomba zokusalela emuva kungaholela ekuhlolweni okunephutha kwezempilo yezomnotho noma ukusebenza kwenkampani.
| Ukulinganiselwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Hindsight Bias | The ingozi yokulinganisa ngokweqile ukubikezelwa kwezenzakalo ngokusekelwe kudatha edlule |
| Izici Zangaphandle | Umthelela wezenzakalo ezingalindelekile noma izinguquko zenqubomgomo ekuhlobaneni kwezinkomba |
| Ukunemba Kwedatha Nokutolika | Ukubaluleka kokuqoqwa kwedatha okunembile nokutolikwa ngokucophelela ukuze uthole imininingwane ethembekile |
Isifinyezo
Izinkomba zokusalele kahle zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthambekela kwezomnotho nezezimali okudlule, zinikeza imininingwane esiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamasu nokwazisa izinqumo zesikhathi esizayo. Nakuba zinikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile komlando, ukulinganiselwa kwazo, okuhlanganisa ukuchema kanye nomthelela wezici zangaphandle, kudinga ukuchazwa ngokucophelela. Ukuhlanganisa izinkomba ezisalele emuva nezinye izinhlobo kuthuthukisa ukuhlaziya, okwenza ababambiqhaza bakwazi ukuzulazula ezinkingeni zezomnotho nezimakethe ngempumelelo. Ukusebenzelana okuqhubekayo nalawa mathuluzi kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi esimweni sezezimali esiguqukayo.
