1. Ukuqonda ama-ETF
Ukushintshanisa-Traded Izimali (Ama-ETF) aguqula umhlaba wokuhweba. Banikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokuvezwa okuhlukahlukene kwezimali ezihlanganyelwe kanye nokuvumelana nezimo komuntu ngamunye Amasheya. Empeleni, i-ETF ingubhasikidi wezibambiso ongazithenga noma uzithengise nge- brokerinkampani yobudala emakethe yamasheya.
Ama-ETF aklanyelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkomba ethile, umkhakha, lezimpahla, noma isigaba sempahla. Angakhiwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokutshala izimali, okuhlanganisa amasheya, amabhondi, izimpahla, noma inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kuwenza abe yithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho.
diversification iyisici esiyinhloko sama-ETF. Njengoba aqukethe izibambiso eziningi, asabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ingozi phezu kohlu olubanzi lwezimpahla. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvikela iphothifoliyo yakho ku- ukungazami yezibambiso ngazinye. Kodwa khumbula, nakuba ukuhlukahluka kungasiza ekusakazeni ingozi, akuqinisekisi inzuzo noma kuvikele ekulahlekelweni.
zezimali esinye isikhangiso esibalulekilevantage ye-ETFs. Ngokungafani ne-mutual funds, okuyinto kuphela trade ekupheleni kosuku, ama-ETF angaba traded usuku lonke njengezitoko. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usabele ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zemakethe. Futhi, ikhono lokubeka izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-oda (njengama-oda omkhawulo kanye ukuyeka-ukulahlekelwa orders) ikunikeza ukulawula okukhulu kokuthi uthenga nini futhi ngayiphi intengo noma uthengisa amasheya akho e-ETF.
Izindleko-ukusebenza kuwukudonsa okukhulu kubatshalizimali abaningi. Ama-ETF ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi kunezimali ezihlanganyelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-ETF amaningi aphathwa nje, kuhloswe ukufanisa ukusebenza kwenkomba kunokuzama ukushaya imakethe. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimali zokuhweba zingangeza uma wena trade Ama-ETF kaningi.
Transparency isici esiyinhloko sama-ETF. Badalula izimpahla zabo nsuku zonke, ukuze uhlale wazi kahle ukuthi iziphi izimpahla onazo. Lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi nge-mutual funds, edalula kuphela ukubamba kwayo njalo ngekota.
Emhlabeni wokuhweba nokutshala imali, ulwazi lungamandla. Ngokuqonda ama-ETF, ungasebenzisa izinzuzo zawo ukuze uthuthukise isu lakho lokuhweba futhi ukhuphule imbuyiselo yakho.
1.1. Ayini ama-ETF?
Emkhathini omkhulu wezinketho zokutshala imali, Exchange Traded Izimali (ETFs) zicwebezele, zinikeze inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezici ezizenza intandokazi phakathi kwe-savvy traders nabatshalizimali. Emgogodleni wayo, i-ETF iwuhlobo lwesikhwama nokuhwebelana-traded umkhiqizo, traded ezimakethe zesitoko njengesitoko ngasinye. Zenzelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkomba ethile, umkhakha, impahla, noma isigaba sempahla.
ETFs zifana nobhasikidi ogcwele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibambiso ezifana namasheya, amabhondi, noma impahla. Le mvelo ehlukahlukene ibenza babe yithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuhlukahluka kwephothifoliyo. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuthenga isitoko ngasinye futhi uzame ukulinganisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngokwakho, ungathenga i-ETF elandelela inkomba yemakethe ebanzi njenge-S&P 500. Ngale ndlela, uthola ukuchayeka ezinkampanini eziningi, ezisakaza ubungozi futhi okungenzeka ukwandisa amathuba akho okubuyisela.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezihlukanisa ama-ETF kuma-mutual funds yiwo ukuhweba. Ama-ETF angathengwa futhi athengiswe kulo lonke usuku lokuhweba ngamanani emakethe, njengamasheya angawodwana. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka kokusabela ngokushesha ekunyakazeni kwemakethe, isici esikhanga kakhulu ekusebenzeni traders.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ETF agujwa ngenxa yawo obala. Abahlinzeki be-ETF kudingeka badalule ukuthi isikhwama siphethwe yini nsuku zonke, okuvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla abanazo nge-ETF yabo. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kuma-mutual funds, lapho okubanjiwe kuvame ukudalulwa njalo ngekota.
Okokugcina, ama-ETF avame ukuza nawo izilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimali ezihlanganyelwe, okuzenza kube ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu kubatshalizimali besikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imali yokuhweba ingangeza kulabo abanjalo trade kaningi.
Noma ngabe umunyiwe trader ngifuna ithuluzi lokutshala izimali elivumelana nezimo, noma umtshali-zimali osaqalayo ofuna indlela ehlukahlukene neyongayo yokungena emakethe, ama-ETF angaba inketho ephoqelelayo okufanele icatshangelwe.
1.2. Izinhlobo zama-ETF
Ukucwiliswa emhlabeni we-Exchange-Traded Izimali (ETFs) zingazizwa zingena engxoxweni yezimali kanye nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ungesabi, ngoba silapha ukuze sikuqondise ku-maze, siqala ngezinhlobonhlobo izinhlobo ze-ETF ungase uhlangane ohambweni lwakho lokuhweba.
Emgogodleni wayo, i-ETF iwuhlobo lwesikhwama sokutshala izimali kanye nokuhwebelana-traded umkhiqizo, traded ezimakethe zamasheya. Ama-ETF aklanyelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwezinkomba ezithile, imikhakha, impahla, noma ezinye izimpahla. Nokho, akuwona wonke ama-ETF adalwe alingana.
Inkomba ye-ETFs ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluklanyelwe ukulandela inkomba ethile njenge-S&P 500. Banikeza indlela eshibhile yokuzuza ukuchayeka ezimakethe ezibanzi, okubenza babe intandokazi phakathi kwabatshalizimali abangenzi lutho.
Ama-ETF omkhakha gxila emikhakheni ethile yezomnotho njengobuchwepheshe, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, noma ezezimali. Lawa ma-ETF avumela abatshalizimali ukuthi baqondise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo ezindaweni zomnotho abakholelwa ukuthi zizokwenza kahle.
Ama-ETF wezimpahla tshala ezintweni ezibonakalayo njengezinsimbi eziyigugu, uwoyela, noma izimpahla zezolimo. Banikeza indlela yokutshala imali kulezi zimpahla ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuzigcina ngokoqobo.
Ama-ETF ama-Bond ukunikeza ukuchayeka emakethe yebhondi. Bangagxila ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamabhondi, njengebhizinisi noma uhulumeni, noma ubude besikhathi obuthile, kusukela esikhathini esifushane ukuya esikhathini eside.
Ama-ETF angamazwe ngamazwe ukunikeza ukuchayeka ezimakethe zangaphandle, okuhlinzeka ngendlela elula yokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngokwendawo.
Ama-ETF anetimu gxila kuzindikimba ezithile noma amathrendi, njengamandla ahlanzekile noma i-e-commerce. Lawa ma-ETF avumela abatshalizimali ukuthi batshale izimali zabo ezinkolelweni zabo mayelana nesiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo semakethe noma umnotho.
Ama-ETF asetshenzisiwe futhi aphambene ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa abanolwazi traders. Ama-ETF asetshenzisiwe ahlose ukuletha izikhathi eziningi zokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwenkomba noma umkhakha awulandelelayo. Ama-ETF aphambene ahlose ukuletha okuphambene nokusebenza kwebhentshimakhi yawo.
Ama-ETF Aphethwe Ngokukhuthele aphethwe ithimba lochwepheshe bokutshalwa kwezimali abenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimpahla okufanele zibanjwe, ngokungafani nama-ETF amaningi alawulwa kancane ukuze alandelele inkomba.
Khumbula, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-ETF luza nesethi yalo yezingozi nemivuzo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi imaphi ama-ETF alungele isu lakho lokutshala imali.
1.3. Izinzuzo zama-ETF
diversification ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezinzuzo ezikhanga kakhulu zama-ETF. Zikuvumela ukuthi utshale ezimpahleni eziningi, ukusabalalisa ubungozi emikhakheni ehlukene, izimboni, ngisho namazwe. Lesi isikhangiso esibalulekilevantage ngoba traders nabatshalizimali abafuna ukunciphisa ubungozi ngenkathi bekhulisa imbuyiselo engaba khona.
zezimali esinye isikhangiso esingukhiyevantage. Ama-ETF anjalo traded ekuhwebeni njengesitoko ngasinye, okusho ukuthi ungathenga futhi uzithengise usuku lonke lokuhweba ngamanani emakethe. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kungaba yimpahla enkulu uma udinga ukusabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zemakethe.
The ukufinyeleleka Ama-ETF nawo kufanele aphawulwe. Banikeza ukuchayeka ezimakethe ezahlukahlukene kanye namakilasi ezimpahla okungaba nzima ukufinyelela kuwo ngenye indlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unentshisekelo emikhakheni ethile, izimpahla, amabhondi, noma izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, kungenzeka kune-ETF elingana nenkokhelo.
Izindleko-ukusebenza enye inzuzo ephoqelelayo. Ama-ETF ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi kunezimali ezihlanganyelwe, okusho ukuthi imali encane oyitshalile idliwa yizindleko. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi aphathwa nje, avame ukuba namazinga aphansi okwenza inzuzo, okungaholela ezenzakalweni ezimbalwa ezikhokhiswa intela.
Ekugcineni, ama-ETF anikezayo obala. Ngokungafani ne-mutual funds, edalula kuphela ukubamba kwayo njalo ngekota, ama-ETF adalula ukubamba kwawo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone kahle ukuthi iziphi izimpahla onazo, kunikeze isithombe esicacile semali oyitshalile.
Ngamafuphi, ama-ETF anikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo ezingawenza abe isengezo esibalulekile kunoma iyiphi iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Ukuthi ungumfundi trader noma umtshali-zimali ongumakadebona, isikhangisovantageama-ETF kufanele acatshangelwe.
2. Ukuqalisa Ngama-ETF
Exchange Traded Izimali (ETFs) ziye zahlasela izimakethe zezimali, zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo ezihlukene ze-mutual funds kanye nokuguquguquka kwesitoko ngasinye. Kodwa kubantu abangazi, ukuzulazula kwe-ETF kungaba nzima. Masiyihlukanise ibe yiziqephu ezilawulekayo.
Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo kwe-ETF yisinyathelo sokuqala. Ama-ETF ayimali yokutshalwa kwezimali traded ezimakethe zesitoko, njengesitoko ngasinye. Bahlose ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkomba ethile, umkhakha, impahla, noma isigaba sempahla. Ngokungafani ne-mutual funds, ama-ETF athengwa futhi adayiswa usuku lonke lokuhweba ngentengo yemakethe, enikeza abatshalizimali ithuba lokusebenzisa amasu okutshala imali anjengokuthengisa isikhashana noma ukuthenga wekhasi.
Ukukhetha i-ETF efanele idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Njengoba kunezinkulungwane zama-ETF atholakalayo, ngayinye ilandelela izinkomba nemikhakha ehlukene, kubalulekile ukukhetha ahambisana nemigomo yakho yokutshala izimali kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi. Bheka ama-ETF anerekhodi eliqinile, izilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi, nezimpahla ezibalulekile ezingaphansi kokuphathwa ukuze uzinze.
diversification isikhangiso esibalulekilevantage ye-ETFs. I-ETF eyodwa ingabamba amakhulu, ngisho nezinkulungwane, zezitoko noma amabhondi, okukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ubungozi ekutshalweni kwezimali okuningi okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni umthelela wanoma yikuphi ukusebenza kabi kwe-investimenti eyodwa.
Ukuhweba ama-ETF kufana nokuhweba isitoko ngasinye. Ungathenga noma uthengise ama-ETF nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nosuku lokuhweba, ngokungafani nezimali ezihlanganyelwe, okuyiwona kuphela trade ekupheleni kosuku. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kungaba isikhangiso esibalulekilevantage okusebenzayo traders.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezindleko zibalulekile uma utshala imali kuma-ETF. Nakuba ama-ETF ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi kunezimali ezihlanganyelwe, azikho mahhala. Qaphela ukusabalala kwebhidi, amakhomishana okuhweba, nanoma yimiphi imithelela yentela engaba khona.
Izingozi ze-ETF akufanele indiva. Nakuba ama-ETF enikeza ukuhlukahluka, awavikelekile engozini yemakethe. Inani le-ETF lingehla futhi likhuphuke, futhi kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi i-ETF ingase ingaphindi ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwenkomba yayo eyisisekelo.
Ukungena emhlabeni wama-ETF kungaba uhambo olujabulisayo, olunikeza amandla ezinzuzo ezibalulekile. Kodwa njenganoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuqonda okuyisisekelo, ukukhetha ngokuhlakanipha, nokuqaphela ubungozi kubalulekile empumelelweni.
2.1. Ungatshala Kanjani Ku-ETFs
Ukushintshanisa-Traded Izimali (ETFs) ziye zavela njengethuluzi elibalulekile kubo bobabili abatshalizimali abasafufusa kanye nabasebekhulile. Banikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokuvezwa okuhlukahlukene kwezimali ezihlanganyelwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwesitoko ngasinye, okubenza babe inketho ekhangayo tradebafuna ukwandisa iphothifoliyo yabo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekutshaleni imali kuma-ETF ukuqonda ukuthi ayini. I-ETF iwuhlobo lwezokuphepha olubandakanya iqoqo lezibambiso—njengezitoko—okuvame ukuhloswe ngazo ukulandelela inkomba ethile. Nakuba zifana nezimali ezihlanganyelwe, zibalwe ekuhwebeni nakumasheya e-ETF trade usuku lonke njengesitoko esivamile.
Isinyathelo sesibili ikhetha i-ETF efanele yezinhloso zakho zokutshala imali. Kunezinkulungwane zama-ETF atholakalayo, ngayinye inikezela ngokugxila komkhakha ohlukile, ukutshalwa kwezimali amasu, kanye namazinga engcuphe. Kubalulekile uku ucwaningo ngayinye ye-ETF, umlando wokusebenza, nesilinganiso sezindleko ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Isinyathelo sesithathu inquma ukuthi izotshala malini. Lokhu kuzoncika kakhulu ezinhlosweni zakho zezezimali, ukubekezelela ubungozi, kanye nomugqa wesikhathi wokutshala imali. Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene ngokuvamile ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yamakilasi amafa ahlukene, futhi ama-ETF angaba yindlela enhle yokufeza lokhu.
Isinyathelo sesine empeleni uthenga i-ETF. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-inthanethi broker noma umeluleki we-robo. Kulula njengokwenza i-akhawunti, ukufaka imali, nokufaka i-oda le-ETF oyikhethile.
Ukutshala imali kuma-ETF kungaba isinyathelo esihlakaniphile traders kanye nabatshalizimali ngokufanayo. Ngokuvumelana nezimo, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, zingaba ithuluzi elinamandla kunqolobane yakho yokutshala imali. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izimali ezitshaliwe, zinengozi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile nokulinganisa izinketho zakho ngokucophelela futhi ucabangele ukufuna iseluleko kumeluleki wezezimali.
2.2. Izinto Okufanele Uzicabange Lapho Ukhetha Ama-ETF
diversification iyisisekelo sesu lokutshala imali eliqinile, futhi ama-ETF anikeza indlela eqondile yokuyifinyelela. Nokho, akuwona wonke ama-ETF adalwe alingana. Lapho ukhetha i-ETF, cabanga ngayo ukwabiwa kwempahla. Amanye ama-ETF agxile emikhakheni ethile, njengobuchwepheshe noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kuyilapho amanye enikeza ukuchayeka okubanzi kwemakethe.
zezimali kungesinye isici esibalulekile. Ama-ETF anamanani aphezulu okuhweba ngokuvamile anokusabalalisa kokucela ibhidi emincane, okuwenza ashibhe kuwo trade. Hlola ivolumu yokuhweba yansuku zonke emaphakathi ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sakho.
Ungakunaki isilinganiso sezindleko. Lena imali yonyaka zonke izimali noma ama-ETF azikhokhisa abanikazi bamasheya bazo. Imele iphesenti lemali oyitshalile futhi ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinzuzweni zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bheka ama-ETF anezilinganiso eziphansi zezindleko, kodwa ungadeli ikhwalithi ngezindleko.
Umlando wokusebenza inganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kwamandla e-ETF. Nakuba ukusebenza kwesikhathi esidlule kungesona isiqinisekiso semiphumela yesikhathi esizayo, kungakunikeza umuzwa wokuntengantenga kwesikhwama kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo ezimeni zemakethe.
Okokugcina, cabanga nge- ukulandelela inkomba. Ama-ETF aklanyelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkomba ethile. Ngakho-ke, hlola ukuthi i-ETF iyilandele eduze kangakanani inkomba yayo esikhathini esidlule.
Lezi zici aziphelele, futhi ukubaluleka kwazo zonke kungahluka kuye ngezinhloso zakho zokutshala izimali kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi. Njalo yenza ngokucophelela okufanele ngaphambi kokutshala noma iyiphi i-ETF.
2.3. Ukuphatha Iphothifoliyo Yakho ye-ETF
Ukwazi ubuciko bokuphatha iphothifoliyo yakho ye-ETF uhambo oludinga inhlanganisela yolwazi, isu, kanye ne-finesse. Akukhona nje ukuthenga nokuthengisa; kumayelana nokuqonda imakethe, ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ubambe nini, futhi nini ukugoqa.
Ukuqala, ukuhlukahluka ukhiye. Ama-ETF akuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise iphothifoliyo yakho kuzo zonke izigaba zempahla ehlukahlukene, imikhakha, nezifunda zendawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthenga izibambiso ngazinye. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ubungozi futhi kuthuthukise imbuyiselo. Kodwa khumbula, ukuhlukahluka akuqinisekisi inzuzo noma kuvikela ekulahlekelweni.
Ukuxoxa kabusha esinye isici esibalulekile sokuphathwa kwephothifoliyo ye-ETF. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umnyakazo wezimakethe ungabangela ukuthi ukwabiwa kwempahla yephothifoliyo yakho kusuke ekuhlosweni kwayo kwasekuqaleni. Ukubuyekeza njalo nokulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho ukuze ugcine ingxube yempahla oyifisayo kungasiza ukugcina isu lakho lokutshala lihamba ngendlela.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kufanele futhi ibe ku-radar yakho. Nakuba ama-ETF ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi kunezimali ezihlanganyelwe, azikho mahhala. Qaphela izindleko zokwenziwayo, ukusabalala kwesicelo sebhidi, nemithelela yentela engaba khona yomsebenzi wakho wokuhweba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga kwama-ETF ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwephothifoliyo yakho. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa ama-ETF omkhakha ukuze uthathe isikhundla esihlakaniphile embonini ethile, noma usebenzise ama-ETF aphambene ukuze uvikele ukwehla kwezimakethe. Kodwa-ke, lawa maqhinga adinga ukuqonda okujulile kwesakhiwo se-ETF namandla emakethe, ngakho-ke nyathela ngokucophelela.
Ekugcineni, uhlale unolwazi. Isimo se-ETF sihlala sishintsha, sinemikhiqizo emisha, amasu, nezinguquko zokulawula. Ukugcina unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi embonini nentuthuko yemakethe kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uthuthukise ukuphathwa kwephothifoliyo yakho ye-ETF.
Khumbula, ayikho indlela elingana yonke into yokuphatha iphothifoliyo ye-ETF. Okusebenza kumtshali-zimali oyedwa kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Kumayelana nokuthola ibhalansi efanele ehambisana nezinhloso zakho zokutshala imali, ukubekezelela ubungozi, kanye nomkhathizwe. Ngakho-ke, phakamisa imikhono yakho, wenze umsebenzi wakho wesikole, bese uqala ukuphatha iphothifoliyo yakho ye-ETF njengochwepheshe.
3. Amasu okuhweba e-ETF ajwayelekile
Ukungena emhlabeni wokuhweba kwe-ETF, kukhona amasu ambalwa afakazele ukuthi ayasebenza. Esokuqala sithi Thenga ubambe. Leli su, elivame ukusetshenziswa ngabatshalizimali besikhathi eside, libandakanya ukuthenga i-ETF enerekhodi elihle futhi ubambelele kuyo isikhathi esibalulekile. Le ndlela isekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi naphezu kokuguquguquka kwemakethe kwesikhashana, inani lama-ETF ekhwalithi lizokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isu lesibili lithi Ukujikeleza komkhakha. Le ndlela idinga ukubandakanyeka kanye nolwazi lwemakethe. Tradeabasebenzisa leli su bazoshintsha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo phakathi kwemikhakha eyahlukene, ngokusekelwe kulokho okubikezelwa ukuthi izosebenza kahle ezigabeni ezihlukene zomjikelezo wezomnotho. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusimama komnotho, imikhakha efana nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuzikhethela kwabathengi ingase idlule eminye.
Okokugcina, i Ukuhweba kwe-Swing Isu lidumile phakathi kwesikhashana traders. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthenga nokuthengisa ama-ETF esikhathini esiyizinsuku noma amasonto, ukwenza imali ngokushintshashintsha kwentengo emakethe. Traders usebenzisa leli su kuzodingeka ukuthi aqaphe ngokucophelela amathrendi emakethe kanye nezindaba ezingase zibe nomthelela emananini e-ETF.
Ukuhweba ngababili elinye isu okufanele licatshangelwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthenga i-ETF eyodwa kanye nokuthengisa isikhashana enye ngaphakathi komkhakha ofanayo. Umqondo lapha ukuthi uma imakethe ihamba ngendlela ebikezelwe, i trader bazozuza ku-ETF abayithengile, futhi uma imakethe ihambela kolunye uhlangothi, bayozuza ku-ETF abayidayise kafushane.
Khumbula, nakuba lawa masu engaba nenzuzo, futhi eza nesethi yawo yobungozi. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga ngokucophelela futhi uqonde isu ngalinye ngaphambi kokungena emanzini.
3.1. Thenga futhi Ubambe
Thenga ubambe isu lokutshala imali elihlonishwa isikhathi elilula njengoba lizwakala. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukubeka isikhathi imakethe, uthenga amasheya e-ETF futhi ubambelele kuwo isikhathi eside. Emhlabeni wokuhweba, kufana nokutshala imbewu bese uyilinda ngesineke ukuba ikhule ibe um-oki omkhulu.
Leli su lisekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi, naphezu kokuguquguquka kwesikhathi esifushane, imakethe ngokomlando ikhule ibheke phezulu esikhathini eside. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlala utshale imali, kungenzeka ukuthi uphume ekwehleni kwesikhashana futhi ujabulele izithelo zokukhula kwesikhathi eside.
ETFs zifaneleka kakhulu isu lokuthenga futhi ubambe. Ngokuhlukahluka kwabo okungokwemvelo, basabalalisa ubungozi kubhasikidi wezibambiso, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise umthelela wanoma yikuphi ukusebenza kabi kwesivikelo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso zezindleko eziphansi ze-ETF zibenza bangabizi kakhulu ukubamba isikhathi eside.
Nokho, Thenga futhi Ubambe akulona isu lokubeka bese ukhohlwa. Idinga iphothifoliyo evamile Izibuyekezo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihambisana nezinjongo zakho zezezimali ezithuthukayo kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi. Kudingeka futhi ukuzithiba ukuze umelane nokudayisa ukwethuka ngesikhathi sokwehla kwezimakethe.
Khumbula, ukutshala imali akukhona ukuceba ngokushesha kodwa kumayelana nokukhulisa ingcebo kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi ngokubekezela nangesiyalo, isu elithi Thenga futhi Ubambe, ikakhulukazi uma liqashwe nama-ETF, lingaba ithuluzi elinamandla kunqolobane yakho yokutshala imali.
3.2. Ukujikeleza komkhakha
Njengoba ujula emhlabeni we-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), uzohlangana neqhinga elihehayo elaziwa ngokuthi Ukujikeleza komkhakha. Leli qhinga lisekelwe embonweni wokuthi imikhakha ehlukene yezomnotho yenza kangcono ezigabeni ezehlukene zomjikelezo womnotho. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokukhula komnotho, imikhakha efana nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuzikhethela kwabathengi kuvame ukwenza kahle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekuwohlokeni komnotho, ungase ubone ukusebenza okungcono okuvela emikhakheni efana nezinsiza kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo zabathengi, ezithathwa njengezivikela kakhulu.
Ukujikeleza komkhakha kungaba ithuluzi elinamandla traders nabatshalizimali, okubavumela ukuthi basebenzise lezi zindlela zomjikelezo. Ngokushintshanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kwe-ETF phakathi kwemikhakha eyahlukene, bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa imbuyiselo futhi banciphise ubungozi. Isibonelo, umtshali-zimali angase asuke ku-ETF yobuchwepheshe aye kuma-ETF okunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ekholelwa ukuthi umnotho usuka ekwandeni uye ekufinyezweni.
Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho ukujikeleza komkhakha akulona isu elingenangqondo. Kudinga ukuqonda okujulile komnotho kanye nekhono lokubikezela ngokunembile ukuthambekela kwezomnotho. Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi olula, ngisho nochwepheshe abanolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhilela izinga elithile lobungozi, njengoba ukubikezela ngomnotho kungase kube okungalungile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okungenzeka.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, ukujikeleza komkhakha kungaba isengezo esibalulekile ku-ETF yakho yamathuluzi okuhweba nokutshala imali. Ngokuqonda umjikelezo wezomnotho nendlela imikhakha eyahlukene esabela ngayo kuwo, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uthuthukise izinzuzo zakho. Ngakho-ke, njengoba uqhubeka nohambo lwakho lokungena emhlabeni wama-ETF, ungawanaki amandla okuzungezisa umkhakha. Kungaba yisu nje olidingayo lokuthatha ukuhweba kwakho nokutshala imali ukuyise kwelinye izinga.
3.3. Ukuthengisa Okufushane
Ukuthengisa okufishane isici esithakazelisayo sokuhweba kwe-ETF esivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi benze inzuzo ngokuncipha kwenani lesibambiso. Le ndlela, nakuba ibonakala iphikisana ne-intuitive, iyithuluzi elinamandla ku- trader's arsenal. Ukuze uqalise ukuthengisa okufushane, uboleka amasheya e-ETF esitolo sakho broker futhi ngokushesha uzithengise emakethe evulekile. Isu liwukuba uzithenge kamuva ngenani eliphansi, ubuyisele amasheya owabolekiwe kweyakho broker, futhi ephaketheni umehluko.
Nokho, ukuthengisa okufushane akukona okwabantu abanezinhliziyo ezibuthakathaka. Kuyisu eliyingozi enkulu elingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu uma intengo ye-ETF ikhuphuka esikhundleni sokwehla. Ngokungafani nokutshalwa kwezimali okuvamile lapho ukulahlekelwa kwakho okungaba khona kulinganiselwa enanini olitshalile, ngokuthengisa kafushane, ukulahlekelwa kwakho kungase kungenamkhawulo. Lapho intengo ikhuphuka, ulahlekelwa imali eyengeziwe.
Ngaphandle kwezingozi, ukuthengisa okufushane kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lenzuzo ezimakethe zamabhere noma uma ulindele ukwehla emkhakheni othile noma imakethe iyonke. Iphinde inikeze izindlela zokuvikela ezinye izimali. Isibonelo, uma unesikhundla eside ku-ETF yobuchwepheshe, ungase udayise inkomba yezobuchwepheshe i-ETF njengothango olumelene nokwehla kwamandla emboni.
Ama-ETF amafushane athengisa futhi iza nesikhangiso esithilevantages phezu kokuthengisa okufushane izitoko zomuntu ngamunye. Ama-ETF, njengoba ehlukene, mancane amathuba okuthi abe ngaphansi kokwenyuka kwentengo kungazelelwe, okubukhali (okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukucindezela okufushane”) okubangelwa izindaba ezinhle ezingalindelekile ezivela enkampanini eyodwa.
Nokho, khumbula ukuthi ukuthengisa okufushane kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha nokuqonda kahle ubungozi obuhilelekile. Akulona isu labatshalizimali abasaqalayo noma labo abanokubekezelela ubungozi obuphansi. Kodwa kulabo abazimisele ukwamukela izingozi, ukuthengisa okufushane kungaba isu elinenzuzo ezimweni ezifanele.
3.4. Ama-ETF asetshenziswayo
Emhlabeni wama-ETF, Ama-ETF akhokhelwe ime njengethuluzi eliyingqayizivele nelinamandla amakhulu traders nabatshalizimali. Lawa ma-ETF asebenza ngomgomo wokusebenzisa okuphuma kokunye kwezezimali kanye nesikweletu ukuze kwandiswe imbuyiselo yenkomba eyisisekelo. Nokho, amathuba okuba nembuyiselo ephezulu afika nezinga eliphezulu lobungozi.
Isibonelo, i-ETF esezingeni eliphakeme ethembisa ukubuyisela okungu-2x kunkomba izohlose ukuletha ukubuyiselwa okuphindwe kabili kwaleyo nkomba ngosuku oluthile. Uma inkomba ikhuphuka ngo-1%, i-ETF esetshenzisiwe kufanele ikhuphuke ngo-2%. Kodwa-ke, uma inkomba yehla ngo-1%, i-ETF esetshenzisiwe izokwehla ngo-2%. Lokhu kuguquguquka okukhulayo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu uma imakethe iphikisana nesimo sakho.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-ETF asetshenziswayo aklanyelwe ukufeza izinjongo zawo ezishiwo ku- nsuku zonke. Ukusebenza kwabo isikhathi eside kungahluka kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkomba yabo eyisisekelo. Lokhu kungenxa yomphumela ohlanganisayo wezinzuzo ezitholwa nsuku zonke, ezingaholela entweni eyaziwa ngokuthi 'ukubola kwe-volatility'.
Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ama-ETF asetshenziswayo angaba ithuluzi elinamandla labanolwazi traders ibheke ukwenza imali ngokunyakaza kwezimakethe zesikhathi esifushane, ingase ingafaneleki kubatshalizimali besikhathi eside. Izinga eliphezulu lobungozi kanye nethuba lokulahlekelwa ngokushesha lisho ukuthi zidinga ukuqonda okuqinile kwemakethe kanye nendlela ecophelelayo yokulawula ubungozi.
Nakuba ukuheha kwembuyiselo ephezulu kungase kulinge, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokugcwele umakhenikha nezingozi zama-ETF anamandla ngaphambi kokuwahlanganisa nesu lakho lokuhweba noma lokutshala imali. Njengazo zonke izinqumo zokutshala izimali, kuwukuhlakanipha ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza olwakho ucwaningo futhi ucabange nokufuna iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezezimali.
