1. Ukuqonda Ukuhweba Kakolweni
Ukolweni awukona nje ukudla okuyisisekelo; kuyi-a lezimpahla lokho kubhebhezela umnotho womhlaba. Izwe likakolweni elithakazelisayo ukuhweba yindawo eguqukayo lapho umkhakha wezolimo uhlangana nezimakethe zezimali. Ukuhweba ukolweni iwuhlobo lohwebo lwempahla, lapho traders ukuqagela ngentengo yesikhathi esizayo kakolweni. Umdlalo wezinga eliphezulu, onezici eziningi ezithonya amanani entengo kakolweni, kusukela ezimeni zesimo sezulu kanye nezifo zezitshalo, ukuya ekungazinzini kwezombusazwe kanye nokuguquguquka kokufunwa kokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke.
Ukuhweba ngamabala futhi izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhweba kakolweni. Ukuhweba ngamabala kuhlanganisa ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa ukolweni ukuze ulethwe ngokushesha futhi ukhokhe, kuyilapho izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ziyizivumelwano zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile likakolweni ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili ngedethi ezayo. Lezi zinkontileka traded ekuhwebeni kwempahla bese uvumela traders kuye ku- uthango ngokumelene nokuguquguquka kwentengo, okwenza kube yithuluzi elidumile le ingozi ukuphathwa.
Abahwebi futhi bangathola ukuchayeka emananini kakolweni ngokusebenzisa Izimali Ezihwebelana Ngezimali (ETFs) futhi Izivumelwano zokuhluka (CFDs). Ama-ETF anjalo ukutshalwa kwezimali izimali traded ezimakethe zesitoko, ngenkathi CFDs kukhona okuphuma kwezezimali okukuvumelayo traders ukuqagela ngokuhamba kwentengo kakolweni ngaphandle kokuba nobunikazi bempahla eyisisekelo. Zombili zinikeza umzila ofinyeleleka kalula wokuhwebelana kukakolweni kwabaqalayo, onezidingo eziphansi zemali kanye nemishini yokuhweba elula.
ukuhlaziywa Technical futhi ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo amakhono ayisihluthulelo okuhweba okuphumelelayo kukakolweni. Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kuhilela ukutadisha amashadi entengo nokusebenzisa izinkomba zezibalo ukuze ubikezele umnyakazo wamanani wesikhathi esizayo, kuyilapho ukuhlaziya okubalulekile kuhilela ukuhlola izici ezibanzi zomnotho kanye nezombusazwe ezithonya amanani entengo kakolweni.
Nokho, ukuhweba kukakolweni akukhona ngaphandle kwezingozi zako. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhweba, ingaphansi kwayo Ukukhishwa kwemakethe kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ne-solid isu lokuhweba endaweni, qonda amandla emakethe, futhi uzilungiselele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo.
Emkhakheni omkhulu wokuhweba ngempahla, ukuhweba kukakolweni kuwubufakazi bokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezolimo nezezimali. Inikeza tradeIthuba eliyingqayizivele lokuzibandakanya nempahla ebalulekile yomhlaba wonke, kuyilapho uzulazula ezimakethe zezezimali ezijabulisayo nezijabulisayo.
1.1. Izisekelo zikakolweni njengempahla
Ngokolweni, enye yezinto ezindala kakhulu nezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, ayikona nje ukudla okuyisisekelo ekudleni kwethu, kodwa futhi iyimpahla eguquguqukayo emakethe yokuhweba. Esuselwe otshanini obudabuka endaweni yase-Fertile Crescent yase-Near East, ukolweni usuguquke eminyakeni eyi-10,000 ukuze ube umhlaba wonke. traded impahla.
Ukuguquguquka kukakolweni kungenye yezici zayo eziphoqelela kakhulu. Ingagaywa ibe ufulawa wesinkwa, igaye ubhiya, igaywe ibe isipirithi, noma isetshenziswe njengokudla kwemfuyo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kubonakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemakethe kakolweni, ehlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene, kuhlanganise ubusika obunzima obubomvu, ubusika obuthambile obubomvu, intwasahlobo ebomvu eqinile, kanye ne-durum, ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo okukhethekile kanye namandla okuhweba.
Imakethe kakolweni yomhlaba wonke ithonywa yizinto ezahlukahlukene. Amaphethini wesimo sezulu adlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukolweni uyisitshalo sesizini epholile esithembele ezimeni ezithile ukuze ukhule kahle. Izinguquko emhlabeni jikelele kwesidzingo, ikakhulukazi ezizweni ezinabantu abaningi njengeShayina neNdiya, nazo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu emananini kakolweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kukakolweni kuwumsebenzi omkhulu wezomnotho emazweni amaningi, okunomthelela omkhulu kuwo I-GDP. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States, iRussia, neCanada iphakathi kwamazwe ahweba kakhulu kakolweni kwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho i-Egypt, i-Indonesia, neBrazil ingabanye abathenga kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
Ngenkathi uhweba ukolweni, kubalulekile ukugcina iso Izilinganiso Zokunikezwa Kwezolimo Nezidingo Zomhlaba ze-USDA (WASDE), ehlinzeka ngezibikezelo eziphelele zokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sezitshalo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ukolweni. Lo mbiko ungabangela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo, okuwenza ube yithuluzi elibalulekile traders.
Ukuhweba kakolweni nakho kudinga ukuqonda imakethe yekusasa, njengoba ukuhweba kukakolweni okuningi kwenziwa ngezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo. Lezi zinkontileka, traded ekuhwebeni okufana ne-Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), cacisa inani elinqunyiwe lenani elithile likakolweni okufanele lilethwe ngedethi ezayo. Lokhu kuvumela traders ukuvimba nokuguquguquka kwentengo nokuqagela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuhweba kukakolweni kungaba insimu eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngolwazi olufanele namathuluzi, kungase futhi kube okuvuzayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumlimi ofuna ukubiyela isilimo sakho, umqageli ofuna inzuzo, noma trader unentshisekelo yokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho, ukolweni unikeza umhlaba wamathuba.
1.2. Ukubaluleka Kokuhweba Kakolweni
Ukuhweba ukolweni umi njengetshe legumbi emhlabeni we ukuhweba kwempahla. Iwukudla okuyisisekelo emhlabeni wonke, okwenza isidingo sakho futhi sinikeze umdlali obalulekile emnothweni womhlaba. Lokhu okusanhlamvu bekulokhu traded izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo emhlabeni wanamuhla akubalulekile kangako.
Imakethe kakolweni yomhlaba wonke iyindawo eguquguqukayo neyinkimbinkimbi, enezinto eziningi ezithonya amanani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindlela zesimo sezulu, amazinga okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, ukuzinza kwezombusazwe, ngisho nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwezokulima. Njenge trader, ukuqonda lezi zici kungakunikeza umkhawulo wokuncintisana.
Ukuhweba kakolweni futhi ikunikeza ithuba lokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho. Ngokungafani Amasheya or izibopho, intengo kakolweni ayiboshelwe ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kwenkampani eyodwa noma imboni. Lokhu kuyenza ibe isengezo esibalulekile kunoma yiliphi isu lokutshala izimali, ihlinzeka ngesivikelo ngokumelene nokuntengantenga kwezimakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhweba kukakolweni kunikeza ithuba lokwenza umthelela omuhle emhlabeni. Ngokubamba iqhaza emakethe kakolweni, unikela ohlelweni olusiza ukondla izigidigidi zabantu. Eyakho trades ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukolweni usuka emasimini uye ematafuleni alabo abawudinga kakhulu.
Emhlabeni wokuhweba kwempahla, imikhiqizo embalwa enesisindo esifanayo nokubaluleka komlando njengokolo. Ubumqoka bayo abunakubukelwa phansi, futhi kwabanolwazi trader, iveza ithuba lakho kokubili ukuzuza ngokwezimali kanye nokwenza umehluko womhlaba wangempela.
2. Ukuqala Ngokuhwebelana Kakolweni
Ukuhweba kakolweni, okuyisisekelo semakethe yezimpahla, kuwumsebenzi othokozisayo ongaveza inzuzo enkulu uma uqhathwa ngesu elilungile nolwazi. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqalisa si ukuqonda imakethe. Ukolweni traded emhlabeni jikelele, futhi intengo yayo ithonywa yizinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu, izehlakalo zezwe, nezinguquko ekuhlinzekeni nasekudingeni.
Okulandelayo, uzodinga khetha inkundla yokuhweba. Lezi zinkundla, ngokuvamile ezihlinzekwa ngu brokers, nikela ngebanga lamathuluzi nezinsiza zokukusiza wenze izinqumo zokuhweba unolwazi. Bheka enikezela ngedatha yemakethe yesikhathi sangempela, amathuluzi okushadi athuthukile, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa trades ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Imfundo ukhiye uma kuziwa ekuhwebeni kukakolweni. Zinike isikhathi sokufunda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkontileka zikakolweni ezitholakalayo (njengekusasa nezinketho), ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, kanye nezingozi ezihilelekile. Kunezinsiza ezingenakubalwa ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ama-webinars, ama-e-books, nezifundo eziku-inthanethi, ezingakusiza ujulise ukuqonda kwakho ngemakethe kakolweni.
Ekugcineni, thuthukisa uhlelo lokuhweba. Lokhu kufanele kufake imigomo yakho yokuhweba, ukubekezelela ubungozi, namasu ohlela ukuwasebenzisa. Uhlelo lokuhweba olucatshangelwe kahle lungakusiza ukuthi uhlale ugxilile futhi unesimilo, noma ngabe imakethe iguquguquka.
Khumbula, ukuhweba kakolweni akuyona ingozi. Kodwa ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, imfundo eqhubekayo, kanye nokuqonda okuqinile kwemakethe, ungazibeka empumelelweni.
2.1. Ukuqonda Ikusasa Likakolweni
Ikusasa likakolweni ziwuhlobo lwenkontileka yezezimali lapho umthengi evuma ukuthenga inani elithile likakolweni kumthengisi ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili ngedethi ezayo. Lezi zinkontileka traded ekuhwebeni kwempahla futhi kuyindlela edumile ye traders ukuqagela ngentengo yesikhathi esizayo kakolweni.
Intengo yekusasa likakolweni ithonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa izimo zezulu, okungase kuthinte ukunikezwa kukakolweni, nezinguquko ku isidingo somhlaba wonke ngemikhiqizo kakolweni. Isibonelo, uma kunesomiso endaweni enkulu ekhiqiza ukolweni, lokhu kungase kuholele ekwehleni kokunikezwayo kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo kakolweni esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuphambene, uma kuncipha isidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo kakolweni, lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwentengo kakolweni wekusasa.
Ukuhweba ngekusasa likakolweni kungaba ibhizinisi elinenzuzo, kodwa futhi kuza nezinga eliphezulu lobungozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intengo kakolweni yesikhathi esizayo ingaba eguquguqukayo kakhulu, nokushintsha kwentengo okukhulu okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ngoba traders ukuba nokuqonda okuqinile kwezinto ezithonya intengo kakolweni ikusasa kanye nokusetshenziswa ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele amasu okuvikela utshalomali lwabo.
Lapho uhweba ngekusasa likakolweni, traders banenketho yokuthatha ukuletha ukolweni ngokomzimba noma ukukhokhela inkontileka ngokheshi. Iningi traders ukhetha ukuzinza ngokheshi, njengoba lokhu kulula kakhulu futhi akunayo ingozi encane kunokuletha ukolweni ngokomzimba. Nokho, abanye traders bangase bakhethe ukulethwa ngokomzimba uma benesidingo sikakolweni noma uma bekholelwa ukuthi intengo kakolweni izokhuphuka esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kokuhweba ngekusasa likakolweni, traders futhi trade izinketho zikakolweni. Izinketho zikakolweni nikeza umthengi ilungelo, kodwa hhayi isibopho, sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo sikakolo ngentengo ethile ngosuku noma ngaphambi kosuku oluthile. Lokhu kungahlinzeka traders ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe namathuba enzuzo angaba khona, kodwa futhi yengeza olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi ekuhwebeni kukakolweni.
Sekukonke, ikusasa likakolweni liyithuluzi lokuhweba eliguquguqukayo nelingaba nenzuzo enkulu, kodwa lidinga ukuqonda okuphelele nokuphatha ngokucophelela. Noma ngabe ungumuntu omaziyo tradenoma osaqalayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uzifundise ngobunkimbinkimbi bekusasa likakolweni ngaphambi kokuthi ungene kule makethe.
2.2. Indlela Yokuhwebelana Kakolweni
Ukuhweba kakolweni yithuba lokungena kweyodwa yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Inqubo iqala ngokuqonda amandla emakethe. Intengo kakolweni ithonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu, isidingo somhlaba wonke, nezinkinga zezwe.
Isinyathelo 1: Ucwaningo Lwemakethe. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhweba, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukutadisha amathrendi entengo yomlando, ukuqonda umthelela wamaphethini wesimo sezulu ekukhiqizeni ukolweni, kanye nokubheka Izindaba okungase kuthinte ukuhlinzekwa kwezidingo zomhlaba wonke kanye nesidingo.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Khetha Isu Lokuhweba. Uma usuyiqonda kahle imakethe, udinga ukukhetha isu lokuhweba. Lokhu kungaba noma yini evela uhwebo, lapho uthenga futhi uthengisa khona ngosuku olufanayo, ukuze ubeke ukuhweba, lapho ubambe isikhundla sakho isikhathi eside.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Khetha Inkundla Yokuhweba. Inkundla yakho yokuhweba isango lakho lokuya emakethe. Kufanele ithembeke, isebenziseke kalula, futhi inikeze amathuluzi nezinsiza ozidingayo ukuze wenze isu lakho ngempumelelo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukuhweba Qala. Manje njengoba usuhlome ngolwazi namathuluzi, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuhweba. Khumbula, ukuhweba kubandakanya ubungozi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphatha ubungozi bakho ngempumelelo.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Buyekeza futhi Uthuthukise. Ukuhweba kuyinqubo yokufunda eqhubekayo. Buyekeza okwakho njalo trades futhi ufunde empumelelweni nasekuhlulekeni kwakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ulungise isu lakho futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwakho kokuhweba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhweba kakolweni, njenganoma iyiphi enye impahla, kudinga ulwazi, isu, nokuziphatha. Kodwa ngokuhlela ngokucophelela nokufunda okuqhubekayo, kungaba umsebenzi ozuzisayo.
3. Amasu Okuhweba Kakolweni Athuthukile
Ukuba yingcweti kwezohwebo zikakolweni idinga ukuqonda okujulile kwemakethe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasu athuthukile. Elinye lamasu aphumelela kakhulu ukuhweba ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukolweni, njengezinye izinto ezithengiswayo, ulandela amaphethini athile onyaka. Isibonelo, amanani avame ukukhuphuka entwasahlobo ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokutshala kanye nokwehla ekwindla ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ngokuqonda lezi zindlela, traders angalindela ukunyakaza kwemakethe futhi trade ngokufanele.
Elinye isu elithuthukile ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqapha ngokucophelela izici ezifana nezimo zezulu, imibiko yezitshalo, kanye imicimbi yezombangazwe okungaba nomthelela ekuhlinzekeni kukakolweni kanye nesidingo. Isibonelo, isomiso endaweni enkulu ekhiqiza ukolweni singaholela ekwehleni kokutholakalayo, kukhuphule amanani. Ngokuphambene, isivuno esikhulu singanyusa ukutholakala, okuholela ekwehleni kwentengo kakolweni.
ukuhlaziywa Technical elinye ithuluzi eliyisihluthulelo sikakolweni oseqophelweni eliphezulu traders. Lokhu kuhilela ukutadisha amashadi entengo nokusebenzisa izinkomba ukuhlonza amathrendi nokubikezela ukunyakaza kwamanani esikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, traders angase asebenzise ama-avareji anyakazayo ukuhlonza inkambiso engase ibe khona ye-bullish noma ye-bearish emakethe kakolweni.
Okokugcina, ukumboza isu elivamile elisetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubungozi ekuhwebeni kukakolweni. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuthatha isikhundla emakethe yesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona emakethe ebonakalayo. Isibonelo, umlimi kakolweni angase athengise ikusasa likakolweni ukuze avale intengo futhi avikele ekwehleni okungenzeka kwentengo kakolweni.
Empeleni, ukolweni othuthukisiwe amasu ukuhweba kubandakanya inhlanganisela yokuhweba kwesizini, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo nokwezobuchwepheshe, nokulawulwa kwezingcuphe ngokusebenzisa uthango. Ngokwazi la maqhinga, tradeI-rs ingazulazula emakethe kakolweni ngokuzethemba okukhulu futhi ingase izuze izinzuzo eziphezulu.
3.1. Ukuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo Ekuhwebeni Kokolweni
Njengokolweni trader, impumelelo yakho incike ekhonweni lakho lokubikezela ngokunembile amathrendi emakethe. Ithuluzi elilodwa elinamandla ku-arsenal yakho Ukuhlaziya Esiyinhloko. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukutadisha izici ezihlukahlukene zezomnotho, zezenhlalo, nezombusazwe ezingase zibe nomthelela emananini kakolweni. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo sezulu sidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukolweni. Isimo sezulu esingesihle njengesomiso noma isithwathwa singanciphisa kakhulu ukutholakala kukakolweni emhlabeni wonke, kukhuphule amanani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izehlakalo ze-geopolitical nazo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu. Izinqubomgomo zezohwebo, amanani entengo, kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe kungavula izimakethe ezintsha noma kukhawulele ukufinyelela kwezikhona, kuthonye isidingo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amanani entengo kakolweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zezomnotho njengamazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, ukwehla kwamandla emali aqondene, Futhi idatha yomsebenzi inganikeza imininingwane ngempilo yomnotho. Umnotho oqinile uvame ukusho isidingo esikhulu sikakolweni njengoba abantu benemali eningi etholakalayo abangayisebenzisa ekudleni. Ngokuphambene, ukwehla komnotho kungase kuholele ekwehleni kwesidingo.
Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa ukucabangela ukuncintisana. Ukolweni uqhudelana nezinye izinhlamvu ezifana nommbila nelayisi. Izinguquko emananini alezi zimpahla zingase zisuse isidingo sikakolo.
Khumbula, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo akukhona mayelana nokubikezela ukunyakaza kwamanani okuqondile. Kunalokho, kumayelana nokuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene ezithonya amanani kakolweni, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo zokuhweba unolwazi. Ngokubhekisisa lezi zici, ungalindela izitayela zemakethe futhi uzibeke ukuze uphumelele emakethe yokuhweba ukolweni.
3.2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe Ekuhwebeni Kokolweni
Njengoba ungena ujula emhlabeni wokuhweba kakolweni, ukuqonda analysis technical iba yithuluzi elibalulekile kuzikhali zakho zokuhweba. Ngokungafani nokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo okugxile enanini likakolweni, ukuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe kuthinta ngokuyinhloko amaphethini, amathrendi, nokunyakaza kwamanani emakethe kakolweni.
I-Charting yingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe. Abahwebi basebenzisa amashadi ukuze bamelele ngokubonakalayo ukunyakaza kwentengo esikhathini esithile. Lawa mashadi angaba lula njengegrafu yomugqa noma abe yinkimbinkimbi njengeshadi lekhandlela, elihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezintengo zokuvula, zokuvala, eziphezulu, neziphansi phakathi nesikhathi esithile sokuhweba.
Imigqa ethrendayo, okuyimigqa edwetshwe ngaphezu kwama-pivot highs noma ngaphansi kwama-pivot lows, siza traders ukubona ngeso lengqondo isiqondiso emakethe. Ulayini wethrendi oya phezulu udwetshwa kuma-pivot lows, kuyilapho umugqa wethrendi obheke phansi udwetshwa kuma-pivot highs. Lapho imakethe yephula umugqa wethrendi, ushintsho olukhulu endleleni yemakethe ngokuvamile lulindelekile.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kukakolweni izinkomba. Lezi yizibalo zezibalo ezisuselwe enanini lezokuphepha kanye nevolumu. Izilinganiso ezihambayo, Isihlobo Amandla Inkomba (RSI), Futhi MACD ezinye zezinkomba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, a isilinganiso esihambayo bushelelezi idatha yentengo ukuze udale umugqa ukuthi traders sebenzisa ukukhomba izitayela zentengo.
Ukusekela kanye ukumelana amazinga nazo zibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni lobuchwepheshe. Lawa amazinga entengo lapho intengo kakolweni ivame ukuma futhi ihlehle. Ukusekelwa yizinga lentengo lapho isidingo sicatshangwa ukuthi sinamandla ngokwanele ukuvimbela intengo ukuthi ingawi noma yikuphi, kuyilapho ukumelana kuyizinga lentengo lapho ukuthengisa kucatshangwa ukuthi kunamandla ngokwanele ukuvimbela intengo ukuthi ikhuphuke ngokuqhubekayo.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, khumbula ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe akulona ibhola lekristalu elibikezela ikusasa. Kuyithuluzi traders ukusebenzisa ukubala amathuba. Ngakho-ke, ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lakho lempumelelo ekuhwebeni kukakolweni.
4. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezomthetho Nezokulawula
Emkhakheni wokuhweba kakolweni, ukuqonda ukucatshangelwa kwezomthetho nemithetho kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwazi izinhlobo zikakolweni wakho. Isitobhi sokuqala kulolu hambo yi- Ikhomishini Yokuhweba Yezinto Ezihamba Ngezinto Nezimali (i-CFTC). Le nhlangano yombuso yase-US ilawula ikusasa lempahla kanye nezimakethe zezinketho, iqinisekisa ubuqotho balezi zimakethe futhi ivikela ababambiqhaza bemakethe ekukhwabaniseni, ukukhohlisa, kanye nemikhuba ehlukumezayo.
Omunye umdlali obalulekile yi- I-National Futures Association (NFA), inhlangano ezilawulayo yemboni yokuphuma kokunye yase-US. I-NFA ithuthukisa imithetho, izinhlelo, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuvikela ubuqotho bemakethe, ukuvikela abatshalizimali, nokusiza amalungu ahlangabezane nezibopho zokulawula. Njengokolweni trader, ukujwayelana nemithethonqubo ye-NFA kanye nezidingo zokuhambisana kubalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukolweni traders kumele ihambisane nemithetho ye ukushintshanisa lapho yabo trades ziyabulawa. Ngokwesibonelo, the I-Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), inkundla ehamba phambili yokuhweba ngekusasa likakolweni, inesethi yayo yemithethonqubo leyo traders kumele ihambisane nayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukolweni traders kufanele uqaphele UMnyango Wezolimo wase-US (i-USDA) kanye neqhaza layo ekumiseni amazinga ekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu, ukuhlola okusanhlamvu, kanye nokubika ngezimo zokutholakala nokufunwa. Imibiko ye-USDA ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emananini kakolweni, iwenze acatshangelwe kakhulu traders.
Okokugcina, ngamazwe tradebadinga ukuthobela imithetho neziqondiso zamazwe abahweba nawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda imithethonqubo yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, amanani entengo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo yezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GMOs).
Kafushane, indawo esemthethweni nelawulayo yokuhweba kakolweni iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ishintsha njalo. Abahwebi kufanele bahlale benolwazi futhi bethobela ukuze bazulazule ngempumelelo kulo mkhakha.
4.1. Izindikimba ezilawulayo ekuhwebeni kukakolweni
Ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi yokuhweba kakolweni, ukuqonda indima yezinhlangano ezilawulayo kubalulekile. Lezi zinhlangano ezibusayo ziqinisekisa isimo semakethe esinobulungiswa, esisobala, nesiqhudelanayo. I Umnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (USDA) ungomunye wabadlali abamqoka kule nkundla. I-USDA ikhipha imibiko evamile ngokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukuhlinzekwa, kanye nesidingo esingaba nomthelela omkhulu emananini kakolweni.
Ikhomishini Yokuhweba Yezinto Ezihamba Ngezinto Nezimali (i-CFTC) ingenye indikimba ebalulekile eyengamele ikusasa kanye nezimakethe zezinketho zikakolweni nezinye izimpahla. I-CFTC ihlose ukuvikela abasebenzisi bemakethe ekukhwabaniseni, ekukhwabaniseni, nasezindleleni ezihlukumezayo. Iphinde iqinisekise ubuqotho bekusasa lempahla nezimakethe zezinketho.
Emazweni ngamazwe, i Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo (i-FAO) yeZizwe Ezihlangene idlala indima ebalulekile. I-FAO inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke kanye nesidingo, okuhlanganisa ukolweni, okungaba nomthelela ekuhwebeni kukakolweni emhlabeni jikelele.
Ekugcineni, i I-International Grains Council (IGC) iwuhulumeni ozinze eLondon forum yokuthumela kanye namazwe angaphandle ukuze kusetshenziswe ukolweni nokunye okusanhlamvu trade. I-IGC ihlinzeka ngokusobala ezimakethe ngokwabelana ngolwazi mayelana nokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kanye nesidingo kanye nezimakethe.
Ukuqonda indima nomthelela walezi zindikimba ezilawulayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu amasu akho okuhweba ukolweni. Kungemibiko yabo kanye nezibuyekezo lapho traders angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, abikezele izitayela zemakethe, futhi ekugcineni, azuze impumelelo emakethe yokuhweba kakolweni.
4.2. Ukucatshangelwa Okusemthethweni Ekuhwebeni Kakolweni
Ukuhweba ukolweni akukhona nje ukuqonda izitayela zezimakethe kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo. Futhi kumayelana nokuqonda izici ezingokomthetho ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzizwiseni kwakho ngokuhweba. Into yokuqala okumele uyiqonde indima ye izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo zempahla. Lezi yizivumelwano ezingokomthetho zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla ethile ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili ngesikhathi esishiwo esikhathini esizayo. Zilinganiswe ngokwekhwalithi, inani, nesikhathi sokudiliva kanye nendawo.
The Ikhomishini Yokuhweba Yezinto Ezihamba Ngezinto Nezimali (i-CFTC) yindikimba elawulayo eyengamele lezi zinkontileka e-US Kubalulekile ukuthi uzijwayeze ngemithetho nemithethonqubo ebekwe yilo mkhandlu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhweba ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho.
Ukuhweba kukakolweni kubandakanya ukuqonda amazwe ngamazwe trade imithetho. I I-World Trade Organization (i-WTO) ubeka imithetho yomhlaba wonke trade, kanye nanoma yiziphi izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe mayelana nokolweni trade bazinzile lapha. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela noma yikuphi okuqhubekayo trade izingxabano noma izinguquko ku trade izinqubomgomo zingahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yesu lakho lokuhweba.
Umthetho wekhontrakthi esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Uma ungena kwinkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, ubophezelekile ngokomthetho ukugcwalisa imigomo yesivumelwano. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela emiphumeleni yomthetho. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi uyiqonde kahle imigomo yenkontileka ngaphambi kokuzibophezela.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imithelela yentela yokuhweba kakolweni. Izinzuzo ozenzayo ngokuhweba zingaphansi kwentela, futhi amanani angahluka kuye ngezwe ohlala kulo. Xhumana nochwepheshe bezentela ukuze uqonde kangcono izibopho zakho zentela.
Empeleni, ukucatshangelwa okusemthethweni ekuhwebeni kukakolweni kubaluleke kakhulu njengamasu okuhweba ngokwawo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza trade ngokuzethemba okwengeziwe futhi ugweme izingibe ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona.
